Trichome isolation with and without fixation using laser microdissection and pressure catapulting followed by RNA amplification: Expression of genes of terpene metabolism in apical and sub-apical trichome cells of Artemisia annua L.

Olofsson, Linda; Lundgren, Anneli; Brodelius, Peter E.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.10.019

Cited by 68 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Limited research focusing on salt glands also may have arisen from the difficulty in studying salt glands as an isolated system consisting of just a few cells in the leaf epidermis. The magnitude of such barriers is, however, declining as new molecular genetic tools become available that make non-model organisms and rare cell types more tractable to study (Schwab and Ossowski, 2006; Deal and Henikoff, 2011; Olofsson et al, 2012; Etalo et al, 2015). Salt glands are found mostly on leaves of plants that grow on dry saline soils, on salt marsh grasses, and in a variety of mangroves, which are woody plants that inhabit tropical and subtropical intertidal zones (Flowers et al, 1986; Tomlinson, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Previous research by Brodelius and coworkers (Olsson et al, 2009;Olofsson et al, 2012) provided evidence that sesquiterpene and monoterpene production may to some extent be divided between apical and subapical cells of Artemisia annua glandular trichomes. The evidence so far suggests that artemisinin biosynthesis genes are expressed in both layers (Olofsson et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussion Terpene Metabolites Of Pyrethrum Seed Trichomes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence so far suggests that artemisinin biosynthesis genes are expressed in both layers (Olofsson et al, 2012). However, germacrene A synthase (germacrene A is a precursor of STLs in pyrethrum) has been only detected in chloroplast-free apical cells (Olofsson et al, 2012), and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase participating in the plastidial MEP pathway and linalool synthase were amplified only from the chloroplast-containing subapical cells (Olsson et al, 2009;Olofsson et al, 2012). A. annua trichomes have an additional stalk cell layer compared with pyrethrum glandular trichomes, but otherwise they are phenotypically very similar (Duke and Paul, 1993).…”

Section: Discussion Terpene Metabolites Of Pyrethrum Seed Trichomes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Secretions from Glandular Trichomes of Pyrethrum Enable Immunization of Seedlings

et al. 2012

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Glandular trichomes are currently known only to store mono-and sesquiterpene compounds in the subcuticular cavity just above the apical cells of trichomes or emit them into the headspace. We demonstrate that basipetal secretions can also occur, by addressing the organization of the biosynthesis and storage of pyrethrins in pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) flowers. Pyrethrum produces a diverse array of pyrethrins and sesquiterpene lactones for plant defense. The highest concentrations accumulate in the flower achenes, which are densely covered by glandular trichomes. The trichomes of mature achenes contain sesquiterpene lactones and other secondary metabolites, but no pyrethrins. However, during achene maturation, the key pyrethrin biosynthetic pathway enzyme chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase is expressed only in glandular trichomes. We show evidence that chrysanthemic acid is translocated from trichomes to pericarp, where it is esterified into pyrethrins that accumulate in intercellular spaces. During seed maturation, pyrethrins are then absorbed by the embryo, and during seed germination, the embryo-stored pyrethrins are recruited by seedling tissues, which, for lack of trichomes, cannot produce pyrethrins themselves. The findings demonstrate that plant glandular trichomes can selectively secrete in a basipetal direction monoterpenoids, which can reach distant tissues, participate in chemical conversions, and immunize seedlings against insects and fungi.

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“…The study constitutes a technical advance for the better understanding of the regulation of SDG biosynthetic pathway in flaxseed. Not only it allowed cell layer-specific location and time course analysis of SDG synthesis but also could be a powerful tool for future transcriptomic studies (Hölscher and Schneider, 2008; Nelson et al, 2008; Matas et al, 2011; Olofsson et al, 2012), the isolation of transcription factors controlling SDG synthesis in the PC layer being a great challenge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Microdissection and Spatiotemporal Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase Gene Expression Assign the Cell Layer-Specific Accumulation of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside in Flaxseed Coats

et al. 2016

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The concentration of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) found in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is higher than that found in any other plant. It exists in flaxseed coats as an SDG-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid oligomer complex. A laser microdissection method was applied to harvest material from different cell layers of seed coats of mature and developing flaxseed to detect the cell-layer specific localization of SDG in flaxseed; NMR and HPLC were used to identify and quantify SDG in dissected cell layers after alkaline hydrolysis. The obtained results were further confirmed by a standard molecular method. The promoter of one pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase gene of L. usitatissimum (LuPLR1), which is a key gene involved in SDG biosynthesis, was fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and the spatio-temporal regulation of LuPLR1 gene expression in flaxseed was determined by histochemical and activity assays of GUS. The result showed that SDG was synthesized and accumulated in the parenchymatous cell layer of the outer integument of flaxseed coats.

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Trichome isolation with and without fixation using laser microdissection and pressure catapulting followed by RNA amplification: Expression of genes of terpene metabolism in apical and sub-apical trichome cells of Artemisia annua L.

Cited by 68 publications

References 19 publications

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Bidirectional Secretions from Glandular Trichomes of Pyrethrum Enable Immunization of Seedlings

Laser Microdissection and Spatiotemporal Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase Gene Expression Assign the Cell Layer-Specific Accumulation of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside in Flaxseed Coats

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