Trichomonas gallinae: A review

Stabler, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(54)90035-1

Cited by 144 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Additionally, it has been demonstrated that clinically normal pigeons can harbor both avirulent and virulent isolates. However, naive doves and pigeons challenged with a mixture of virulent and avirulent isolates will succumb to infection (Stabler 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathological lesion of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons of Iran

et al. 2011

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This research was conducted to determine the prevalence and pathological lesion of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons in the northeast part of Iran. Wet mount preparations from the oral cavity/crop of 418 pigeons (Columba livia) captured from various locations in Khorasan province analyzed for T. gallinae by Giemsa's staining between April 2008 and June 2009. A total of 418 pigeons, 37.32% (n = 156) were infected with T. gallinae. Macroscopically, the oropharynx of infected pigeons has white, caseous lesions or stomatitis. Microscopically, there was moderate congestion with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of pharynx, hyperplasia of mucous cells in epithelia of trachea with infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, numerous granulomatous foci in the livers with many multinucleated giant cells, tubulointerstitial nephritis with multifocal to diffuse infiltration of mostly mononuclear inflammatory cells in the kidneys. In the present paper we have described for the first time the co-existence of both genotypes of T. gallinae based on pathological lesions in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathological lesion of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons of Iran

et al. 2011

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“…With avirulent isolates, a bird may fail to even seroconvert after being inoculated with 1 X 106 organisms while with highly virulent isolates, a bird can subject to infection within 14 days after being inoculated with a single trichomonad, Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that clinically normal pigeons can harbor both avirulent and virulent isolates. However, uninfected doves and pigeons challenged with a mixture of virulent and avirulent isolates will subject to infection (Stabler, 1954).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Diagnosis and Cultivation of Trichomonas gallinae from Domestic Pigeon in Kirkuk City, Iraq

Hamad¹,

Hassan²

2017

Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.

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Article InfoThis research was conducted to study the spread of an important unicellular protozoan Trichomonas gallinae isolated from the mouth and esophagus of three groups of domestic pigeon Colomba livia domestica by wet mount preparation. A total of 609 domestic pigeons were tested in Kirkuk city, Iraq from August 2015 to April 2016, the total infectious rate of the prevalence were 49.26%, distributed to 64.92%, 50.98% and 30.41% in Alzajel, pakistani and zubaeri pigeon respectively. The present study compared three different stains to characterize the shape of T. gallinae namely Giemz, Gram and for first time Field's stain, the Giemza stain showed efficient to stain T. gallinae more than other two stains, although Field's stain requires less time for staining compared to Giemza and Gram's stain. The parasites are cultivated in three prepared culture media (In-tube culture system), which are modified Diamond media (TYM), Cysteine Peptone Maltose media (CPLM) and Trichomonas CM0161 media (CM 161) with the initial inoculation of 2X105 cell/ml, the fourth media was In-pouch culture system that is commercially available with the initial inoculation of 105 cell/ml. In-pouch TV culture media is used for the first time to diagnose and to grow T. gallinae which is a special media for diagnosis of the vaginal trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. The result showed the best growth of T. gallinae in In-pouch media compared with In-tube culture system, modified diamond media and CM 161 gave the high growth to 48 hours while CPLM gave the high growth from 24 hours, the CM 161 media showed acute decrease in the number of T. gallinae after 48 hour.

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“…The reservoir host of this parasite is believed to be the rock dove or feral pigeon (Columba livia), and the worldwide introduction of this host is implicated in the spread of trichomonosis to novel or naïve host populations (Stabler, 1954). A clonal strain of T. gallinae has recently emerged as the cause of an epidemic disease of finches in Europe (Lawson et al 2011a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The finch epidemic strain of Trichomonas gallinae is predominant in British non-passerines

et al. 2013

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S U M M A R YAvian trichomonosis, caused by the flagellated protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, is a recently emerged infectious disease of British passerines. The aetiological agent, a clonal epidemic strain of the parasite, has caused unprecedented finch mortality and population-level declines in Britain and has since spread to continental Europe. To better understand the potential origin of this epidemic and to further investigate its host range, T. gallinae DNA extracts were collected from parasite culture and tissue samples from a range of avian species in Britain. Sequence typing at the ITS1/5.8S rRNA/ITS2 region resolved three distinct ITS region types circulating in free-ranging British birds. Subtyping by sequence analyses at the Fe-hydrogenase gene demonstrated further strain variation within these ITS region types. The UK finch epidemic strain was preponderant amongst columbids sampled, however, wide strain diversity was encountered in isolates from a relatively small number of pigeons, suggesting further strains present in columbid populations across the UK are yet to be identified. Fe-hydrogenase gene sequence data in isolates from birds of prey with disease were predominantly identical to the UK finch epidemic strain, demonstrating its presence as a virulent strain in UK birds of prey since at least 2009.

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Trichomonas gallinae: A review

Cited by 144 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and pathological lesion of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons of Iran

Prevalence and pathological lesion of Trichomonas gallinae in pigeons of Iran

Isolation, Diagnosis and Cultivation of Trichomonas gallinae from Domestic Pigeon in Kirkuk City, Iraq

The finch epidemic strain of Trichomonas gallinae is predominant in British non-passerines

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