Trichomonosis

Forrester, Donald J.; Foster, Garry W.

doi:10.1002/9780813804620.ch6

Cited by 54 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Trichomonas gallinae infects the upper alimentary tract and causes the lesions of necrotic pharyngitis or ingluvitis that can interfere with the bird's ability to swallow [10]. The parasite is transmitted either directly between birds, when conspecifics feed one another during courtship or when feeding young, or indirectly, through shared food and water sources [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, trichomonosis, caused by infection with the protozoal parasite Trichomonas gallinae [10], is a well-known disease of pigeons and doves, and of raptors that predate infected columbiform prey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasite is transmitted either directly between birds, when conspecifics feed one another during courtship or when feeding young, or indirectly, through shared food and water sources [10]. The parasite is labile and does not remain viable for long in the environment external to the host [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This further strengthens the conclusions of Robinson et al [12]: the population impact of this EID is unprecedented in British wild birds subjected to infectious disease. It represents the first epidemic mortality caused by T. gallinae in a non-columbiform host, and the greatest estimate of wild bird deaths recorded due to this parasite worldwide [10]. Because finch trichomonosis has continued in the British Isles in 2010 and 2011 (K. M. Colvile, A.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the British Isles

Lawson

Robinson

Colvile

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Finch trichomonosis, caused by the protozoal parasite Trichomonas gallinae, was first recognized as an emerging infectious disease of British passerines in 2005. The first year of seasonal epidemic mortality occurred in 2006 with significant declines of greenfinch Carduelis chloris and chaffinch Fringilla coelebs populations. Here, we demonstrate that large-scale mortality, principally of greenfinch, continued in subsequent years, 2007 -2009, with a shifting geographical distribution across the British Isles over time. Consequent to the emergence of finch trichomonosis, the breeding greenfinch population in Great Britain has declined from ca 4.3 million to ca 2.8 million birds and the maximum mean number of greenfinches (a proxy for flock size) visiting gardens has declined by 50 per cent. The annual rate of decline of the breeding greenfinch population within England has exceeded 7 per cent since the initial epidemic. Although initially chaffinch populations were regionally diminished by the disease, this has not continued. Retrospective analyses of disease surveillance data showed a rapid, widespread emergence of finch trichomonosis across Great Britain in 2005 and we hypothesize that the disease emerged by T. gallinae jumping from columbiforms to passeriforms. Further investigation is required to determine the continuing impact of finch trichomonosis and to develop our understanding of how protozoal diseases jump host species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the British Isles

Lawson

Robinson

Colvile

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Trichomonas gallinae, the primary etiologic agent of avian trichomonosis, is a globally-distributed, flagellated protozoal parasite that can infect a wide range of bird species (Forrester and Foster, 2008). Severe disease is characterized by the development of proliferative caseous lesions of the upper digestive tract that can block the animal's esophagus or trachea, ultimately leading to starvation or suffocation and death (Cole, 1999;Stabler, 1954;Stabler and Braun, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population

Girard

Rogers

Woods

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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b s t r a c tThe Pacific Coast band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) is a migratory game bird of North America that is at risk for population decline. Epidemics of avian trichomonosis caused by upper digestive tract infection with Trichomonas spp. protozoa in these and other doves and pigeons of the United States are sporadic, but can involve tens of thousands of birds in a single event. Herein, we analyze the role of trichomonosis in band-tailed pigeon mortality and relate spatial, temporal and demographic patterns of parasite transmission to the genetic background of the infecting organism. Infections were most common in adult birds and prevalence was high in band-tailed pigeons sampled at mortality events (96%) and rehabilitation centers (36%) compared to those that were hunter-killed (11%) or live-caught (4%). During non-epidemic periods, animals were primarily infected with T. gallinae Fe-hydrogenase subtype A2, and were less often infected with either T. gallinae subtype A1 (the British finch epidemic strain), T. stableri n. sp. (a T. vaginalis-like species), or Tritrichomonas blagburni n. sp.-like organisms. Birds sampled during multiple epidemics in California were only infected with T. gallinae subtype A2 and T. stableri. The non-clonal etiology of avian trichomonosis outbreaks in band-tailed pigeons and the risk of spill-over to raptor and passerine species highlights the need for additional studies that clarify the host range and evolutionary relationships between strains of Trichomonas spp. in regions of trichomonosis endemicity.

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Natural History and Medical Management of Passerines, Galliformes, and Allies

Welte

Miller

2019

Medical Management of Wildlife Species

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Trichomonosis

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

The emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the British Isles

The emergence and spread of finch trichomonosis in the British Isles

Dual-pathogen etiology of avian trichomonosis in a declining band-tailed pigeon population

Natural History and Medical Management of Passerines, Galliformes, and Allies

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