Triglyceride/High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio: A Clue to Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Severe Atherosclerosis

Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza; Najafi, Farid; Darbandi, Mitra; Kiarasi, Soushyant; Oduyemi, Temilola; Spence, J. David

doi:10.1002/lipd.12302

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A positive association between AIP and CVDs has already been observed in different populations, such as postmenopausal women and staff [ 19 , 30 ]. Moreover, AIP is positively associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), advanced subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, MetS, and obesity; and is a useful and reliable marker for predicting these diseases [ 29 , 31 – 34 ]. Results of a study on Malaysian population showed that among lipid profile indices, AIP was more positively correlated with TG and was more negatively correlated with HDL-C, thus AIP was considered to be the strongest marker in predicting risk of CVDs among the other indices [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma as useful predictors of risk of cardiovascular diseases: evidence from a cohort study in Iran

et al. 2021

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Background Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) are relatively new indicators for predicting non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, the present study was done to assess the association of AIP and VAI with risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 7,362 individuals aged between 35 and 65 years old participated in Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study. AIP was calculated based on levels of triglyceride and high -density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). VAI was calculated using values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, and HDL-C. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of AIP and VAI with risk of CVDs. Results Mean values of anthropometric indices, lipid profile, AIP, and VAI were significantly higher in patients with CVDs than individuals without CVDs (P < 0.001). Mean values of anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and NCDs including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and CVDs in the third tertile of AIP and VAI were significantly increased compared to the first tertile (P < 0.001). After adjusting confounding factors, risk of CVDs in the third tertile of AIP was (OR = 1.32, 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.69) significantly increased compared to the first tertile. Risk of CVDs in the third tertile of VAI was (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI: 1.12, 1.97) significantly increased compared to the first tertile. Conclusions According to the findings, AIP and VAI were positively associated with risk of CVDs. Therefore, AIP and VAI can be useful in identifying high-risk subgroups of CVDs in general population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma as useful predictors of risk of cardiovascular diseases: evidence from a cohort study in Iran

et al. 2021

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“…One of the reasons for focusing on non-HDL cholesterol as a better predictor of ASCVD is our growing knowledge of the atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants [12][13][14]. Commonly measured as triglyceride/HDL ratio, higher levels of triglyceride compared to lower levels of HDL has been a reliable indicator of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by insulin resistance and accelerated atherosclerosis [13]. Such a pro-atherosclerotic state is strongly seen in those with hypertriglyceridemia despite being treated with maximally-tolerated statins [14].…”

Section: Attention To Non-hdl Cholesterol In Ascvd Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in adolescence as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood

Shoar¹,

Ikram²,

Shah³

et al. 2021

Rev. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Defined as the total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL cholesterol has been increasingly acknowledged as a measure of risk estimation for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Comprising of apolipoprotein B100containing cholesterols (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a))), and apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins (chylomicrons and its remnants), elevated serum levels of non-HDL cholesterol in early adolescence has been strongly linked with the development of ASCVD in adulthood. This article reviews the evidence from longitudinal studies, which demonstrate the cumulative risk of ASCVD in relation to the elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol earlier in life.

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“…Participants randomized to pioglitazone had lower blood pressure, fasting glucose and serum triglycerides, and higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol at the end of the study. As the ratio of triglycerides to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol is a marker of insulin resistance, 19 it is probable that these changes were because of effects of pioglitazone on insulin resistance. In the parent IRIS trial, HOMA scores were measured at baseline and after 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance

Spence

Viscoli

Kernan

et al. 2022

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aims: Pioglitazone is a potent insulin-sensitizing drug with anti-atherosclerotic properties, but adverse effects have limited its use. We assessed the benefits and risks of lower versus higher doses of pioglitazone taken by participants in the Insulin Resistance Intervention in Stroke Trial. Materials and Methods: Efficacy [myocardial infarction (MI) or recurrent stroke]new-onset diabetes) and adverse outcomes (oedema, weight gain, heart failure and bone fracture) were examined for subjects assigned to pioglitazone or placebo within strata defined by mode dose of study drug taken (i.e. the dose taken on most days in the study).Results: Among the 1938 patients randomized to pioglitazone, the mode dose was <15 mg/day in 546 participants, 15 mg/day in 128, 30 mg/day in 89, and 45 mg/day in 1175. There was no significant effect on stroke/MI or new-onset diabetes with <15 mg/day. For 15 mg/30 mg/day pooled, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for stroke/MI were 0.48 (0.30, 0.76; p = .002) and 0.74 (0.69, 0.94) for 45 mg/day. For new-onset diabetes, the adjusted hazard ratios were 0.34 (0.15, 0.81; p = .001) and 0.31 (0.59, 0.94; p = .001) respectively.For oedema, weight gain and heart failure, the risk estimates for pioglitazone were lower for subjects taking <45 mg daily. For fractures, the increased risk with pioglitazone was similar across all dose strata.Conclusions: Lower doses of pioglitazone appear to confer much of the benefit with less adverse effects than the full dose. Further study is needed to confirm these findings so that clinicians may optimize dosing of this secondary prevention strategy in patients with stroke.

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Triglyceride/High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio: A Clue to Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Severe Atherosclerosis

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma as useful predictors of risk of cardiovascular diseases: evidence from a cohort study in Iran

Visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma as useful predictors of risk of cardiovascular diseases: evidence from a cohort study in Iran

Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in adolescence as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood

Efficacy of lower doses of pioglitazone after stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with insulin resistance

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