Trigonelline is not responsible for the acute increase in plasma homocysteine following ingestion of instant coffee

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether trigonelline contributes to the effect of coffee on homocysteine (Hcy). Design and interventions: This was a randomised crossover study. Subjects consumed 50 mg trigonelline, 5 g of instant coffee (E50 mg trigonelline) or water, consumed as a single dose in 100 ml, with 1 week between each treatment. Blood samples were drawn fasting and hourly for 8 h. Urine samples were collected pretreatment and every 2 h for 8 h. Setting: Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust, Christchurch, New Zealand. Subjects: Eight healthy male subjects. Results: Instant coffee raised plasma Hcy concentrations compared with water (P ¼ 0.019) and trigonelline (P ¼ 0.037). Plasma Hcy concentrations were not different between water and trigonelline treatments (P ¼ 0.789). The change in plasma Hcy concentration was higher (mean7s.e.) 4 h (0.770.2 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.006), 5 h (0.770.2 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.013) and 7 h (0.770.2 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.024) following coffee consumption. Urinary glycine betaine excretion was increased by coffee but not by trigonelline.

A Comprehensive Overview of the Risks and Benefits of Coffee Consumption

“…Coffee consumers also appear to be at an increased risk of higher homocysteine concentrations, an independent risk factor for CVD (Strandhagen and others ; Strandhagen and others ; Slow and others ). This relationship may be driven by the chlorogenic acid (Piters and others ) rather than the trigonelline content of coffee (Slow and others ), but, can be modified by folic acid (Strandhagen and others ), particularly in those with the TT polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene which codes for the MTHFR enzyme.…”

The Effect of Recent Consumption of Caffeine-Containing Foodstuffs on Neuropsychological Tests in the Elderly

“…It has been shown that coffee raises homocysteine levels [7][8][9] and this increase can be seen within a few hours after ingestion [29,30] . It is thought that the chlorogenic acid and the caffeine in the coffee mediate this effect [29,31] .…”

“…The participant sample had a mean age of 79.3 years (range 67-95 years) and a mean of 13.6 years of education (range 7-22 years). There were 34 males and 55 females in the study with a mean Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 28.8 (range of [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Inclusion criteria were age 6 60, no medical condition affecting cognition, ability to understand study procedures and informed consent to participate in the study, adequate motor and sensory capabilities (corrected or uncorrected) to perform neuropsychological testing and fluency in English.…”

Role of coffee in modulation of diabetes risk

“…An effect on glucose metabolism was also suggested for two other coffee compounds: trigonelline and magnesium. Trigonelline is a precursor of vitamin B 3 and represents about 1% of the dry weight of roasted coffee beans 114 ; its content in coffee ranges from 50 mg to 100 mg per cup 96,115,116 . An experimental study conducted in an animal model showed that trigonelline exerts a hypoglycemic effect 117 .…”

“…Trigonelline is a precursor of vitamin B3 and represents about 1% of the dry weight of roasted coffee beans 114 ; its content in coffee ranges from 50 mg to 100 mg per cup. 96,115,116 An experimental study conducted in an animal model showed that trigonelline exerts a hypoglycemic effect. 117 However, these data have not been confirmed in human studies; in fact, supplementation with high doses of trigonelline in humans had no effect on glucose metabolism, except in the very short term (15 min after glucose load).…”