TRIPTYCHON and CAPRICE mediate lateral inhibition during trichome and root hair patterning in Arabidopsis

Schellmann, Swen; Schnittger, Arp; Kirik, Viktor; Wada, Takuji; Okada, Kiyotaka; Beermann, Anke; Thumfahrt, J.; Jürgens, Gerd; Hülskamp, Martin

doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf524

Cited by 486 publications

(589 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…HHD1 controls root hair initiation and elongation, while HHD2 regulates elongation but not initiation. In Arabidopsis, the GL2, AXR3, RHL1/2/3, RHD6, and CPC genes regulate root hair initiation (Masucci and Schiefelbein, 1994;Masucci et al, 1996;Schneider et al, 1997;Schellmann et al, 2002;Mishra et al, 2009). Most of the mutations in these genes produce additional defects in root hair elongation, resembling the root hair phenotypes of hhd1-1 and hhd1-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haustorial Hairs Are Specialized Root Hairs That Support Parasitism in the Facultative Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

et al. 2015

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A haustorium is the unique organ that invades host tissues and establishes vascular connections. Haustorium formation is a key event in parasitism, but its underlying molecular basis is largely unknown. Here, we use Phtheirospermum japonicum, a facultative root parasite in the Orobanchaceae, as a model parasitic plant. We performed a forward genetic screen to identify mutants with altered haustorial morphologies. The development of the haustorium in P. japonicum is induced by host-derived compounds such as 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone. After receiving the signal, the parasite root starts to swell to develop a haustorium, and haustorial hairs proliferate to densely cover the haustorium surface. We isolated mutants that show defects in haustorial hair formation and named them haustorial hair defective (hhd) mutants. The hhd mutants are also defective in root hair formation, indicating that haustorial hair formation is controlled by the root hair development program. The internal structures of the haustoria in the hhd mutants are similar to those of the wild type, indicating that the haustorial hairs are not essential for host invasion. However, all the hhd mutants form fewer haustoria than the wild type upon infection of the host roots. The number of haustoria is restored when the host and parasite roots are forced to grow closely together, suggesting that the haustorial hairs play a role in stabilizing the host-parasite association. Thus, our study provides genetic evidence for the regulation and function of haustorial hairs in the parasitic plant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haustorial Hairs Are Specialized Root Hairs That Support Parasitism in the Facultative Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast with WER, GL3, and EGL3, CPC and TRY negatively regulate TTG2 expression (Figures 3E and 3G). Both CPC and TRY encode R3 MYB proteins missing a domain that activates transcription (Wada et al, 1997;Schellmann et al, 2002). It has been proposed that R3 MYB proteins compete with R2R3 MYB transcription factors for binding to bHLH transcription factors to inhibit the formation of the regulatory complex (Esch et al, 2003(Esch et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Ttg2 Expression Is Regulated By Myb Bhlh and Ttg1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutations in GL1, GL3, EGL3, TTG1, and GL2 result in a reduction in trichome number and lessbranched trichomes, except for mutants with the gl3-sst allele (Koornneef et al, 1982;Esch et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2003). CPC and its homolog, TRIPTYCHON (TRY), are transcribed in trichomes and affect trichome distribution (Schellmann et al, 2002). The number of trichomes is increased in cpc mutants, and trichomes are often clustered in try mutants (Schellmann et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPC and its homolog, TRIPTYCHON (TRY), are transcribed in trichomes and affect trichome distribution (Schellmann et al, 2002). The number of trichomes is increased in cpc mutants, and trichomes are often clustered in try mutants (Schellmann et al, 2002). These mutant phenotypes suggest that CPC and TRY suppress trichome initiation by lateral inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2Is Directly Regulated by R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors and Is Involved in Regulation ofGLABRA2Transcription in Epidermal Differentiation

et al. 2007

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Arabidopsis thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2) encodes a WRKY transcription factor and is expressed in young leaves, trichomes, seed coats, and root hairless cells. An examination of several trichome and root hair mutants indicates that MYB and bHLH genes regulate TTG2 expression. Two MYB binding sites in the TTG2 59 regulatory region act as cis regulatory elements and as direct targets of R2R3 MYB transcription factors such as WEREWOLF, GLABRA1, and TRANSPARENT TESTA2. Mutations in TTG2 cause phenotypic defects in trichome development and seed color pigmentation. Transgenic plants expressing a chimeric repressor version of the TTG2 protein (TTG2:SRDX) showed defects in trichome formation, anthocyanin accumulation, seed color pigmentation, and differentiation of root hairless cells. GLABRA2 (GL2) expression was markedly reduced in roots of ProTTG2:TTG2:SRDX transgenic plants, suggesting that TTG2 is involved in the regulation of GL2 expression, although GL2 expression in the ttg2 mutant was similar to that in the wild type. Our analysis suggests a new step in a regulatory cascade of epidermal differentiation, in which complexes containing R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors regulate the expression of TTG2, which then regulates GL2 expression with complexes containing R2R3 MYB and bHLH in the differentiation of trichomes and root hairless cells.

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“…In Arabidopsis, a ternary complex composed of R2R3-Myb transcription factors [GLABRA1 (GL1; previously known as GLABROUS1) (Oppenheimer et al, 1991) or MYB23 (Kirik et al, 2005)], bHLH transcription factors [GLABRA3 (GL3) (Payne et al, 2000) or ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3) (Zhang et al, 2003)] and the WD40 repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) acts at the top of the regulatory hierarchy of trichome development. The Myb-bHLH-WD40 complex activates the expression of multiple downstream factors, each of which directs the morphogenesis or lateral inhibition of the developing trichomes (Szymanski et al, 1998;Schellmann et al, 2002;Ishida et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2008). Thus, the current model of trichome patterning comprises a local autonomous circuit of multiple transcription factors acting at leaf primordia (Pesch and Hülskamp, 2004;Bouyer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jasmonic acid control of GLABRA3 links inducible defense and trichome patterning inArabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Once attacked by herbivores, plants regenerate new leaves with increased trichome density as an inducible defense. Trichomes are specified from neighboring epidermal cells through local cell-cell interactions in the leaf primordia. However, the molecular mechanism of how herbivore-induced damage at older leaves remodels the pattern of trichome fate specification at newly forming leaves is largely unknown. In this study, we show that mutations in either the biosynthetic or signaling pathway of jasmonates (JAs), long-distance wound signals, abolish the wound-induced formation of trichomes. To identify the factors linking JA signaling to trichome fate specification, we isolated a novel class of mutants, unarmed (urm), which lack trichome induction but show otherwise normal responses to JAs. URM9 encodes an Importin β family protein, and URM23 is identical to TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), the product of which interacts with the bHLH transcription factor GLABRA3 (GL3). Loss of either URM9 or URM23 disrupts the subnuclear localization of GL3, thus implicating GL3 in trichome induction. The expression of GL3 was enhanced by JA treatment prior to trichome initiation. Genetic analysis of multiple trichome mutants shows that GL3, in concert with the R2R3-Myb transcription factor GLABRA1 (GL1), promotes trichome fate in response to JA in a dosage-dependent manner. These results indicate that GL3 is a key transcription factor of wound-induced trichome formation acting downstream of JA signaling in Arabidopsis.

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TRIPTYCHON and CAPRICE mediate lateral inhibition during trichome and root hair patterning in Arabidopsis

Cited by 486 publications

References 37 publications

Haustorial Hairs Are Specialized Root Hairs That Support Parasitism in the Facultative Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

Haustorial Hairs Are Specialized Root Hairs That Support Parasitism in the Facultative Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2Is Directly Regulated by R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors and Is Involved in Regulation ofGLABRA2Transcription in Epidermal Differentiation

Jasmonic acid control of GLABRA3 links inducible defense and trichome patterning inArabidopsis

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