Tristerix aphyllus, a holoparasitic loranthacea

Kraus, Rupert; Trimborn, P.; Ziegler, H.

doi:10.1007/bf01177280

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, we are aware of no reported data relevant to this issue. If, as they do in our study, C and N source pools for MHP, such as plant photosynthate and saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, exhibit significantly different isotope signatures, it should be possible to estimate the degree of heterotrophy of particular MHP, as has been done with mistletoes and root parasites (Press et al ., 1987; Marshall & Ehleringer, 1990; Schulze et al ., 1991; Marshall et al ., 1994; Kraus et al ., 1995; Richter et al ., 1995). Because many partial MHP are associated with saprotrophic fungi such as Armillaria and Rhizoctonia (Leake, 1994; Taylor et al ., 2002), δ 13 C may provide more distinct source pools and thus be more informative than δ 15 N.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these observations, a holoparasitic (fully heterotrophic) plant should exhibit a 13 C abundance very close to that of its host. Indeed, the similarity in C stable isotope signatures has been used to identify a holoparasitic mistletoe species (Kraus et al ., 1995). The achlorophyllous MHP in our study are presumably holoparasitic and, consequently, we have assumed under the mistletoe model that a MHP would exhibit 13 C and 15 N abundances similar to those of its mycobiont.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope abundances support the myco‐heterotrophic nature and host‐specificity of certain achlorophyllous plants

2003

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Summary• Over 400 species of achlorophyllous vascular plants are thought to obtain all C from symbiotic fungi. Consequently, they are termed 'myco-heterotrophic.' However, direct evidence of myco-heterotrophy in these plants is limited.• During an investigation of the patterns of N and C stable isotopes of various ecosystem pools in two old-growth conifer forests, we sampled six species of mycoheterotrophic achlorophyllous plants to determine the ability of stable isotope ratios to provide evidence of myco-heterotrophy and host-specificity within these symbioses.• Dual-isotope signatures of the myco-heterotrophic plants differed from those of all other pools. They were most similar to the signatures of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and least like those of green plants. δ 15 N values of the myco-heterotrophic plants correlated strongly and positively with those of putative mycobionts.• Used in conjunction with other techniques, N and C stable isotope ratios can be used to demonstrate myco-heterotrophy and host-specificity in these plants when other ecosystem pools are well characterized. They also appear promising for estimating the degree of heterotrophy in photosynthetic, partially myco-heterotrophic plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope abundances support the myco‐heterotrophic nature and host‐specificity of certain achlorophyllous plants

2003

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“…However, it is known that mistletoes may also acquire carbon compounds from their hosts (Ehleringer et al 1985, Pate et al 1991aRey et al 1991;Marshall and Ehleringer 1990), and a holoparasitic mistletoe taxon has even been discovered, i.e. Tristerix aphyllus, which grows on the tissue of cactus stems (Kraus et al 1995). Mistletoes can drag part of the host's transpiration stream towards their own leaves by having a more negative leaf-water potential and a larger leaf-conductance for water vapour and hence a higher transpiration rate than the host leaves (Schulze et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis of mistletoes in relation to their hosts at various sites in tropical Brazil

Lüttge

Haridasan

Fernandes

et al. 1998

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AbstractmChlorophyll a fluorescence parameters showing the instantaneous performance and carbon-isotope ratios reflecting long-term behaviour of leaves were determined for a large number of mistletoe/host-pairs in the cerrado belt of Brazil. Study sites were a very exposed rupestrian field, a semi-exposed savanna and a highly shaded gallery forest. The major question asked was if photosynthetic capacity of mistletoe leaves differed from that of the leaves of their respective hosts. It is shown that except for the very exposed rupestrian field site, photosynthetic capacity appeared to be similar in mistletoes and host leaves. The superior behaviour of host leaves in the rupestrian field was due to particularly expressed sun-plant characteristics of the host. However, mistletoes always had higher average sto-matal conductances, lower leaf temperatures at similar or even higher irradiance and higher intercellular CO2-partial pressures than hosts. Photosynthetic performance of mistletoe leaves was independent of whether a given mistletoe species parasitized aluminium-accumulating or non-accumulating host species in the cerrados with their aluminiumrich soils.

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“…The curious leafless Tristerix aphyllus of Chile has stems that tend to be bright red, but both chlorophyll a and b are present (Follmann 1963). Their low level of presence, nevertheless, has resulted in the plants being referred to as holoparasites (Kraus et al 1995). The same controversy is to be found in the literature of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), which has often been called a holoparasite because of low levels of chlorophyll.…”

Section: Haustoria In Santalalesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…b. Phloem continuity? The physiology of one squamate mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum, has led to it being referred to as a "phloem-feeder" (Ehleringer et al 1985), and Tristerix aphyllus has been called a holoparasite (Kraus et al 1995), but a parasitic connection to the host phloem has not been demonstrated in any member of Santalales.…”

Section: Haustoria In Santalalesmentioning

confidence: 99%