Lignan Glucosides from Roots of Urtica dioicaLignan glucosides isolated from stinging nettle roots (Urtica dioica) were separated by GC on short glass capillary columns (5 -6 m) after appropriate derivatization. By use of mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS, EI-MS, LSI-MS) and NMR spectroscopy, 11 lignan glucosides were identified, 5 of which were previously unknown. Mixtures of isomeric lignan glucosides which could not be separated by GC were investigated by two-dimensional NMR methods. The spectra allowed the identification of the single components. Mass spectra of the trimethylsilylated glucosides show typical fragments which enabled us to decide if the glucose was attached to an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxy group of the aglycone. The nature of the aglycones could be also deduced from the spectra.WaRrig-methanolische Extrakte aus Brennesselwurzeln sind Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung von Medikamenten, die bei der Behandlung der Prostatahyperplasie angewandt werden '). Die in ihnen enthaltene(n) Wirkkomponente(n) ist (sind) bisher jedoch noch unbekannt. Ausgehend von der Vermutung, dal3 es sich bei derartigen Wirkstoffen um steroidihnliche Substanzen handeln konnte, wurde die Sterolfraktion aus Brennesselwurzeln bereits unters~cht~,~'. Neben dem Hauptsterol, p-Sitosterol, dem auch eine gewisse Wirksamkeit zugeschrieben wird4), wurden weitere Sterole rnit Hydroxyund 0x0-Gruppen identifiziert, die sich jedoch im Test als nicht sehr wirksam erwiesen. Dadurch wird wahrscheinlich, daB der Wirkstoff einer anderen Substanzklasse angehort.Bestimmten Flavonoiden und Lignanen wird ein steroidahnliches Verhalten z~geschrieben~,~). Aus diesen Grunden untersuchten wir verstarkt die polaren aromatischen Komponenten des Extraktes. Neben Phenolen*) und Phenolglu~osiden~) enthalt die polare Fraktion Lignanglucoside, von denen bereits einige aus der Brennesselwurzel isoliert worden waren"). Uber die Strukturauklarung weiterer Lignanglucoside sol1 hier berichtet werden. Abb. 1. Hochtemperatur-GC der trimethylsilylierten Butanolgesamtfraktion von Brennesselwurzeln (Lignanglucoside)Die in den einzelnen Fraktionen enthaltenen Hauptkornponenten wurden durch wiederholte praparative DC an selbstgefertigten Kieselgel-Platten") im Wechsel rnit eineFTrennung an RP-%Plat-ten unter Verwendung verschiedener FlieBmittelsysterne (siehe exp. Teil) bis zur gaschromatographischen Einheitlichkeit (HTGC-Kontrolle) gereinigt. Als letzter Trennschritt muBte dabei immer eine praparative DC an Kieselgel erfolgen, da die-RP-8-Phase bei Elu-
(10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxy-lO,l2-octadecadienoic Acid, an Aromatase Inhibitor from Roots of Urtica dioicaAqueous-methanolic extracts from roots of Urtica dioica were tomatoes was used for synthesis of (9S)-1, which caused also fractionated and tested for aromatase-inhibition activity. After inhibition of aromatase. Stereo models of the compound derivatization the most active fraction was separated by GC/ showed some structural similarity to steroidal natural sub-MS. Besides common fatty acids (lOE,12Z)-9-hydroxy-l0,12-strates of aromatase. For that reason (10E,12Z)-9-oxo-10,12-ococtadecadienoic acid (1) was identified as a main component tadecadienoic acid (2) was also synthesized. It showed an about and confirmed to be the active principle. Lipoxygenase from tenfold higher activity compared to 1.
When 4hydroxyacetophenone is treated with MSTFA the corresponding his-trimethylsilylated enol ether (la) is obtained. The m a s spectrum of la is characterized by a [M -11' base peak. Extensive deuteration experiments revealed that the hydrogen is mainly removed from a ring position, but originates also to some extent from the side chain (methylidene group) and even to a very small amount from the hydrogens of the methyl groups of the enolic trimethylsilyl group. A mechanism for this fragmentation behaviour is formulated.
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