Tuberculin skin reactivity after neonatal BCG vaccination in preterm infants in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2001-2002

Camargos, Paulo Augusto Moreira; Ribeiro, Yara Stephanne Ramos; Teixeira, A.; Menezes, Luciana

doi:10.1590/s1020-49892006000600006

Cited by 9 publications

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“…[ 7 ] Higher scar failure rate (55%) has been reported in low birth weight babies from India. [ 8 ] A study from Pakistan reported scar failure rate of 19.6%,[ 3 ] whereas the studies from LIMA Peru,[ 1 ] Nigeria,[ 4 ] and Brazil[ 9 ] showed much lower scar failure rate of 1.4%, 3.7% and 3.1%, respectively. This difference could be accounted for by variability in the study design and differences in the demographic characteristics of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scar formation and tuberculin conversion following BCG vaccination in infants: A prospective cohort study

Dhanawade

Kumbhar

Gore

et al. 2015

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background:There is considerable variation in BCG scar failure rate on available data and correlation between BCG scar and tuberculin conversion remains controversial. Through this study we aimed to determine the scar failure rate and tuberculin conversion in term infants vaccinated with BCG within the first month.Materials and Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted among 85 consecutive infants weighing >2 kg attending the immunization clinic of a medical college hospital. Fifteen subjects who could not complete the follow up were excluded. Total of 70 cases were analyzed. All babies were administered 0.1 ml of BCG and examined at 3 months (+1 week) for scar. Tuberculin test was done with 5TU PPD. An induration of >5 mm was considered positive. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS-22.Results:Out of the 70 infants, 41 (58.6%) were males. Although majority (72.9%) of infants were vaccinated within 7 days, only 18 (25.7%) received BCG within 48 hours of birth. Sixty-four (91.4%) had a visible scar at 12 weeks post vaccination representing a scar failure rate of 8.6%. Tuberculin test was positive in 50 (71.4%). The mean ± s.d. for scar and tuberculin skin test (TST) reaction size was 4.93 ± 2.01 mm and 6.01 ± 3.22 mm, respectively. The association between scar formation and tuberculin positivity was highly significant (P < 0.001). There was significant correlation between scar size and TST size (r = 0.401, P = 0.001)Conclusions:Less than 10% of infants fail to develop a scar following BCG vaccination. There is good correlation between scar positivity and tuberculin conversion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher tuberculin conversion rates (80–93%) were observed in other studies. [ 9 13 14 15 ] Thayyil Sudhin reported tuberculin conversion to be 80% in term infants and 80.7% in preterms. [ 16 ] On the contrary, a low TST positivity (44–68%) was observed by many investigators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scar formation and tuberculin conversion following BCG vaccination in infants: A prospective cohort study

Dhanawade

Kumbhar

Gore

et al. 2015

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…Hasil ini hampir sama dengan penelitian yang dilakukan Sudhan dkk 9 yang mendapatkan (5,27±1,8) mm untuk bayi preterm yang segera di vaksinasi BCG dan (5,26±1,6) mm pada bayi preterm yang ditunda BCG sampai cukup bulan (38-40 minggu) Namun masih dibawah bila dibandingkan dengan Ferreira AA 13 yang mendapatkan rerata diameter indurasi tuberkulin pada bayi BBLR segera divaksinasi BCG segera setelah lahir (9,5±5,1) mm dibandingkan (9,6±5,0) mm pada bayi BBLC (berat badan lahir cukup) sebagai kontrol. Sementara itu di Brazil Camargos P dkk 16 (2002) melaporkan (6,8±4,70) mm untuk bayi preterm dan (10,2±4,53) mm bayi BBLC, terdapat perbedaan diameter indurasi yang cukup lebar antara kedua kelompok.…”

Section: Cara Kerjaunclassified

“…15 Penelitian Sudhan dkk 9 (1997) mendapatkan hasil tidak terdapat perbedaan konversi tuberkulin antara bayi preterm yang divaksinasi BCG segera saat lahir (80%) dengan yang ditunda sampai cukup bulan (38-40 minggu) (80,7%). Sedangkan penelitian terbaru yang dilakukan oleh Camargos P dkk 16 di Brazil mendapatkan hasil konversi tuberkulin pada bayi BBLR 2000 gram-2499 gram yang divaksinasi BCG segera saat lahir 67,5% dan vaksinasi pada bayi-bayi cukup bulan 87,7%. Terdapat 20,2% perbedaan antara kedua kelompok (p=0,02).…”

Section: Cara Kerjaunclassified

Uji Tuberkulin pada Bayi BBLR yang Mendapat BCG Segera Setelah Lahir dan yang Menunggu Berat Badan > 2500 Gram

Basir

Yani

Triyanto

2016

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Latar belakang. Vaksinasi BCG pada bayi BBLR (berat badan lahir rendah) belum menjadi kesepakatandalam program imunisasi nasional di Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan efektifitasBCG pada bayi BBLR/preterm dengan menggunakan uji tuberkulin 27% sampai 83%.Tujuan. Menilai efektifitas BCG pada bayi BBLR dengan uji tuberkulin di RS.Dr. M. Djamil PadangMetode. Penelitian bersifat randomized clinical trial pada bayi BBLR 2000gram-<2500gram yang lahirdan/atau dirawat di Sub Bagian Perinatologi Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak, dari bulan Juni sampaiNovember 2006. Setiap subjek yang masuk penelitian, diberikan informed concent, dikelompokkan dalam2 kelompok dengan simple random sampling. Kelompok 1 diberikan BCG segera setelah lahir, maksimal3 hari. Sedangkan kelompok 2 ditunda pemberian BCG sampai berat badan >2500 gram. Kedua kelompokdi dilakukan uji tuberkulin dan pemeriksaan parut 12 minggu setelah vaksinasi BCG serta mengisi kuisioner.Data penelitian diolah dengan SPSS 13.0 for Windows dan di analisis dengan t-test, X2 test (kai-kuadrat)dan uji mutlak Fischer dengan α= 0,05.Hasil. Selama 6 bulan, telah lahir dan/atau dirawat 107 bayi BBLR berat 2000gram - <2500gram. 60 bayimemenuhi kriteria inklusi dan 44 bayi menyelesaikan penelitian. Rerata diameter indurasi tuberkulinpada kelompok 1 4,91 ± 2884 mm dan kelompok 2 5,41 ± 2,085 mm yang secara statistik tidak berbedabermakna dengan p=0,510. Nilai konversi uji tuberkulin pada kelompok 1 sebesar 63,6% dan kelompok 281,8% tidak menunjukan perbedaan p=0,310.Kesimpulan. Vaksinasi BCG bayi BBLR berat 2000gram-<2500gram segera setelah lahir memberikanefektifitas sama dengan yang ditunda.

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“…Tuberculin skin test (TST) is currently the most commonly used test for evaluation of cell-mediated immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (8). Many studies suggest that preterm infants take up their BCG vaccination as efficiently as term neonates (9)(10)(11). However, there are conflicting results (12) and BCG scar formation in a large cohort of vaccinated infants including very low birth weight babies and preterms < 32 weeks gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scar Formation and Tuberculin Skin Test Response After Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination: Does Prematurity or Low Birth Weight Have an Impact?

et al. 2017

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Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating factors affecting scar formation and tuberculin skin test (TST) response in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated infants. Methods: In the current study, 216 infants with gestational age (GA) of 26 to 40 weeks and birth weight of 730 g to 4590 g were included. The mean corrected age was 6.27 ± 3.79 weeks, and the mean weight was 4442.4 ± 1084.1 g (range 2100 -7700 g) at the time of BCG vaccination. TST was applied at 8 to 16 weeks of vaccination. Factors affecting TST response and BCG scar formation were evaluated. Results: A scar response to BCG vaccination was found in 60%, 49.4%, and 59.7% of the infants with GA < 32 weeks, 33 to 36 weeks, and ≥ 37 weeks, respectively. Of the male infants 65% produced a scar compared to the 45% of the female infants (P = 0.014). The mean weight at the time of vaccination was significantly higher in infants with scar development than in those without scars (6976.94 g vs. 6455.68, P = 0.002). A tuberculin reaction was detected in 57% of the infants (80%, 54%, and 50% according to birth weight > 2500 g, 1500 -2500 g, and < 1500 g, respectively) (P = 0.213). TST response rate was 67%, 55%, and 47% according to GA ≥ 37 w, 33 -36 w, and ≤ 32 w, respectively (P = 0,020). In the present study, 68.4% of the cases with TST of 5 -10 mm, and 100% of the cases with TST > 10 mm developed scars ≥ 2 mm (r = 0.360; P = 0.001).Conclusions: Prematurity or birth weight does not affect BCG scar formation. TST response is lower in preterm babies. The correlation between scar formation and TST response was too low to be interpreted as positive.

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Tuberculin skin reactivity after neonatal BCG vaccination in preterm infants in Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2001-2002

Abstract: BCG vaccination could be recommended for preterm infants upon discharge from the neonatal unit to reduce morbidity and mortality in infants at risk for tuberculous infection, and to increase BCG vaccination coverage rates, especially in countries with high prevalence rates of tuberculosis.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Scar formation and tuberculin conversion following BCG vaccination in infants: A prospective cohort study

Scar formation and tuberculin conversion following BCG vaccination in infants: A prospective cohort study

Uji Tuberkulin pada Bayi BBLR yang Mendapat BCG Segera Setelah Lahir dan yang Menunggu Berat Badan > 2500 Gram

Scar Formation and Tuberculin Skin Test Response After Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination: Does Prematurity or Low Birth Weight Have an Impact?

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