Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Vietnam

Trinh, Quynh Mai; Nguyen, Huong Lien Thi; Do, Tri; Nguyen, Viet Nhung; Nguyen, B. H.; Nguyen, Thinh V.; Sintchenko, Vitali; Marais, Ben J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.021

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…40 In the present study, the prevalence of TB infection in Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive patients was high (38.2%). This prevalence rate is higher than those reported from South Ethiopia (18.2%) 41 and Southern India (18.9%) 42 , but lower than those reported from South Africa (70%) 43 and Vietnam (72.5%) 44 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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Background: Bacterial infections are the most common complications in people with HIV/AIDS. There has been no previous report on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive subjects. Aim: To evaluate the frequency of bacterial infections in hospitalized HIV/AIDS-infected patients in Iran. Materials and methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a computerized search in related data banks using relevant keywords was performed in both Persian and English languages for articles that were published until March 10, 2017. A total of 1118 original articles were systematically reviewed to identify eligible studies on the prevalence of bacterial co-infections in HIV/AIDS-infected patients from Iran. After screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted data from 28 eligible articles for the meta-analysis. Results: The overall bacterial infection rate among Iranian HIV/AIDS-positive individuals was estimated to be 48.6%. Gastrointestinal disorders (59.5%) were the most frequent bacterial infections in this group of patients followed by bacterial lymphadenopathy (38.9%), TB infection (38.2%), bacterial pneumonia (31.2%), brucellosis (26.3%), skin infections (13.3%) and sexually transmitted infections (9.7%). The prevalence of other bacterial infections including endocarditis, sepsis and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were 10%, 9.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of a wide spectrum of bacterial co-infections, especially endemic infections, in Iranian HIV/AIDS-infected patients, is alarming and calls for urgent need to improve the currently applied diagnostic and preventive methods. In addition, timely treatment of these infections is pivotal to decrease the morbidity and mortality rates in HIV/AIDS-infected patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Our study is one of the first in South East Asia to report TB and HIV coinfections by cross‐matching 15 years of data from two national registries . The proportion of coinfections (2.9%) among TB cases between 2012 and 2014 was lower compared with that of countries in Asia with a high TB burden .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Epidemiology of tuberculosis and HIV coinfections in Singapore, 2000–2014

et al. 2017

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Cross-matching of records between Singapore's tuberculosis and HIV registries showed that 3.3% of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) were coinfected with HIV (2000À2014), the TB incidence among individuals with HIV infection was 1.65 per 100 person-years, and 53% of coinfections were diagnosed within 1 month of each other. The findings supported joint prevention programmes for early diagnosis and treatment.Keywords: coinfection, demography, HIV infections, registries, Singapore, tuberculosis IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) and HIV pose a dual epidemic threat to global health [1]. Trends of these two diseases in Singapore indicate that TB and HIV coinfection poses a potential public health threat. The TB incidence rate in Singapore residents has markedly declined in the past decades, and is the lowest rate among South-East Asian countries [2]. However, it is still much higher than that in many developed countries [3]. The HIV prevalence among Singaporean adults (≥ 15 years old) in 2014 was 0.15% [4] compared to 0.3% and 0.1% in the SouthEast Asia and Western Pacific regions, respectively [5].In our study, we describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of TB and HIV coinfections in Singapore, and discuss the implications related to public health policy and disease surveillance. MethodsIn Singapore, TB and HIV are notifiable under the Infectious Diseases Act. All suspected and confirmed TB cases are notified to the national TB registry within 72 hours of starting TB treatment and/or receiving laboratory confirmation by acid-fast bacillus smear followed by mycobacterial culture [2]. First-line drug-susceptibility testing (DST) (i.e. susceptibility to streptomycin, rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol) is performed for positive TB isolates. Isolates resistant to isoniazid and/or rifampicin are subjected to second-line DST.HIV/AIDS cases are notified to the National Public Health Unit of the Ministry of Health (MOH). HIV screening is performed using enzyme immunoassays or rapid diagnostic tests, followed by a confirmatory western blot test for positive results.Both registries contain information on demographics, such as age at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, occupation, country of birth and year of immigration to Singapore. The TB registry tracks the progress and treatment outcome of each case, while the HIV registry captures CD4 cell counts, stage of HIV infection at diagnosis and mode of HIV detection.Our study received ethics approval from the Singapore National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (NHG DSRB reference number 2015/00702). We retrospectively matched records between the HIV registry from 1985 to 2014 and the TB registry from 2000 to 2014. For TB cases with more than one notification, the first episodes were included in the study. The date of TB diagnosis is the earliest of the following dates: date treatment started, registration date, date of first positive smear, and date of first positive culture.This study was confined to Singapore citizens and permanent residents. We defined TB an...

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“…In Vietnam, however, HIV screening is only done in at-risk populations because of a low prevalence in the general population (0.4% in 2013 according to WHO [16]). In Thai Binh, the prevalence of HIV infection was (0.1%) in 2014 [36]. Another important limitation was in relation with the definitions of cases and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia According to WHO 2005 Criteria Definition Among Children <5 Years of Age in Thai Binh, Vietnam: A Case–Control Study

Hoang¹,

Dao²,

Minodier³

et al. 2019

JEGH

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Vietnam is one of the 15 countries where the prevalence of child pneumonia is highest. It is a major cause of admission in pediatric hospitals. However, little is known on the burden of severe pneumonia and their risk factors in children <5 years of age in Vietnam. A case-control study was conducted among children aged 2-59 months presenting with pneumonia at the Pediatric Provincial Hospital of Thai Binh. Cases were children with severe pneumonia while controls included those with non-severe pneumonia as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2005. Eighty-three cases and 83 controls were included. Sex ratio was 2.19. Children with severe pneumonia were significantly less likely to receive antibiotics preadmission compared to children with non-severe pneumonia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06-0.42]. The main risk factors of severe pneumonia were a lack of immunization (OR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.80-12.65), an exposure to cigarette smoke (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.62-9.23), and having a mother with a low level of education. Children with severe pneumonia were 25 times more likely to present with associated measles with p < 0.0001 and five times more likely to present with diarrhea than children with non-severe pneumonia (p < 0.0001). Improving immunization coverage, educating parents about the risks of passive smoking and the recognition of respiratory distress signs, and facilitating early antibiotic access for infants with acute pulmonary disease should reduce the burden of such illnesses. To implement a national, multicenter study about pneumonia in children, more precise inclusion criteria should be chosen, including radiological and/or biological assessment.

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Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Vietnam

Abstract: The care of TB/HIV co-infected patients have shown sustained improvement in Vietnam. Rising numbers of MDR-TB cases is a concern, but this is not "driven" by HIV co-infection.

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Bacterial Co-infections in HIV/AIDS-positive Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Epidemiology of tuberculosis and HIV coinfections in Singapore, 2000–2014

Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia According to WHO 2005 Criteria Definition Among Children <5 Years of Age in Thai Binh, Vietnam: A Case–Control Study

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