Tunable-Delay Shunts for Paper Microfluidic Devices

Toley, Bhushan J.; McKenzie, Brittney; Liang, Tinny; Buser, Joshua R.; Yager, Paul; Fu, Elain

doi:10.1021/ac4030939

Cited by 158 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Importantly, contingent on the rivet being a permanent mechanical fastener, this valve can work many times rather than only a single time such as for sponge 18 and tunabledelay shunt valves. 29 This advantage provides a good solution for complicated biological assays such as ELISA detection. When we conceptualized this new valve fabrication procedure, we wondered if this strategy could be applied to more complicated μPADs.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Capillary-Driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Movable Valve

Lijuan

et al. 2017

Anal. Chem.

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This paper describes a novel strategy for fabricating the movable valve on paper-based microfluidic devices to manipulate capillary-driven fluids. The movable valve fabrication is first realized using hollow rivets as the holding center to control the paper channel in different layer movement that results in the channel's connection or disconnection. The relatively simple valve fabrication procedure is robust, versatile, and compatible with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) with differing levels of complexity. It is remarkable that the movable valve can be convenient and free to control fluid without the timing setting, advantages that make it user-friendly for untrained users to carry out the complex multistep operations. For the performance of the movable valve to be verified, several different designs of μPADs were tested and obtained with satisfactory results. In addition, in the proof-of-concept enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments, we demonstrate the use of these valves in μPADs for the successful analysis of samples of carcino-embryonic antigen, showing good sensitivity and reproducibility. We hope this technique will open new avenues for the fabrication of paper-based valves in an easily adoptable and widely available way on μPADs and provide potential point-of-care applications in the future. P aper-based microfluidics has shown great potential over the past few decades as a promising and powerful platform. 1−4 It mainly relies on attractive features including cheapness, ease-of-operation, lightweight transport, and compatibility with biological samples. Moreover, the cellulose papers can wick aqueous samples by capillary force, allowing them to operate without any external pump. Inspired by this technique, many researchers have put significant efforts toward the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and this technology has been developing as quickly as a bamboo shoot after a spring rain. 5−10 However, when more complicated or multistep assays are required for the μPADs, 5,11,12 how the fluid should be manipulated is of great importance for realizing the essential function of performing multiple processing steps and assay detection for various applications. 13−15 As a crucial and essential functional component for controlling fluid transport, the valve plays an important role in fluid manipulation and enhances the fluidic capability of μPADs.There is a set of techniques that was reported for manipulating fluid to realize the valve function of μPADs by relying on various mechanisms. 16−19 This mainly consists of three strategies. First, the channel's geometry can be varied to result in different arrival times for controlling the liquid flow.Fu, Osborn, and Songok have demonstrated flow delay through changing the shape of the channel. 20−22 The second strategy makes use of chemicals to influence physicochemical properties, including the viscosity of the fluid and the homogeneity of the paper to manipulate the fluid. For instance, the imp...

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Capillary-Driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Movable Valve

Lijuan

et al. 2017

Anal. Chem.

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show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 However, these methods suffer from certain restrictions. The implementation of flow delay by a channel's geometry lacks flexibility, and most valves such as the sponge and valve can only work once because the compressed sponge would not recover when it expanded after encountering the liquid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

<strong>Controlling Capillary-driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using Movable Valve </strong>

2017

Proceedings of the 7th International Multidisciplinary Conference on Optofluidics 2017

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This paper describes a novel strategy for fabricating the movable valve on paper-based microfluidic devices to manipulate capillary-driven fluids. The movable valve fabrication is first realized using hollow rivets as the holding center to control the paper channel in different layer movement that results in the channel's connection or disconnection. The relatively simple valve fabrication procedure is robust, versatile, and compatible with microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) with differing levels of complexity. It is remarkable that the movable valve can be convenient and free to control fluid without the timing setting, advantages that make it user-friendly for untrained users to carry out the complex multistep operations. For the performance of the movable valve to be verified, several different designs of μPADs were tested and obtained with satisfactory results. In addition, in the proof-of-concept enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments, we demonstrate the use of these valves in μPADs for the successful analysis of samples of carcino-embryonic antigen, showing good sensitivity and reproducibility. We hope this technique will open new avenues for the fabrication of paper-based valves in an easily adoptable and widely available way on μPADs and provide potential point-of-care applications in the future. P aper-based microfluidics has shown great potential over the past few decades as a promising and powerful platform.1−4 It mainly relies on attractive features including cheapness, ease-of-operation, lightweight transport, and compatibility with biological samples. Moreover, the cellulose papers can wick aqueous samples by capillary force, allowing them to operate without any external pump. Inspired by this technique, many researchers have put significant efforts toward the development of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), and this technology has been developing as quickly as a bamboo shoot after a spring rain. 5−10 However, when more complicated or multistep assays are required for the μPADs, 5,11,12 how the fluid should be manipulated is of great importance for realizing the essential function of performing multiple processing steps and assay detection for various applications.13−15 As a crucial and essential functional component for controlling fluid transport, the valve plays an important role in fluid manipulation and enhances the fluidic capability of μPADs.There is a set of techniques that was reported for manipulating fluid to realize the valve function of μPADs by relying on various mechanisms. 16−19 This mainly consists of three strategies. First, the channel's geometry can be varied to result in different arrival times for controlling the liquid flow.Fu, Osborn, and Songok have demonstrated flow delay through changing the shape of the channel. 20−22 The second strategy makes use of chemicals to influence physicochemical properties, including the viscosity of the fluid and the homogeneity of the paper to manipulate the fluid. For instance, the imple...

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“…In 2010, Martinez et al positioned a digital valve that introduced designed gaps to separate the paper's layers, thus strategically connecting and disconnecting the flow [80]. Other groups reported approaches for controlling fluid transport by changing the geometry of the channels and altering the width, length, and thickness of the junctions in paper-based microfluidic designs [81][82][83]. Applications of the fluidic barriers made from soluble materials for carrier flow were also presented in the literature.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of the Paper And/or Fiber Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

2017

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Abstract:In this perspective article, some of the latest paper and fiber-based bio-analytical platforms are summarized, along with their fabrication strategies, the processing behind the product development, and the embedded systems in which paper or fiber materials were integrated. The article also reviews bio-recognition applications of paper/fiber-based devices, the detected analytes of interest, applied detection techniques, the related evaluation parameters, the type and duration of the assays, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Moreover, some of the existing challenges of utilizing paper and/or fiber materials are discussed. These include control over the physical characteristics (porosity, permeability, wettability) and the chemical properties (surface functionality) of paper/fiber materials are discussed. Other aspects of the review focus on shelf life, the multi-functionality of the platforms, readout strategies, and other challenges that have to be addressed in order to obtain reliable detection outcomes.

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Tunable-Delay Shunts for Paper Microfluidic Devices

Cited by 158 publications

References 28 publications

Controlling Capillary-Driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Movable Valve

Controlling Capillary-Driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using a Movable Valve

<strong>Controlling Capillary-driven Fluid Transport in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices Using Movable Valve </strong>

Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

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