Tungsten Monocarbide as Potential Replacement of Platinum for Methanol Electrooxidation

Weigert, Erich C.; Stottlemyer, Alan L.; Zellner, and Michael B.; Chen, Jingguang G.

doi:10.1021/jp075504z

Cited by 156 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 7(b), the methoxy groups were actively oxidized by 0.7 ML Pt/C/W(111) from 330 K which was similar operating temperature of DMFC. Furthermore, they reported another type of synergistic effect related to the corrosion stability of tungsten carbide by addition of Pt [89]. These synergistic effects were also observed in other reports.…”

Section: Oxidation Of Methanol and Ethanol On Tmcssupporting

confidence: 72%

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Electrode Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

2009

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Transition metal carbides (TMCs) and transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have attracted attention as promising electrocatalysts that could replace noble metals of high price and limited supply. Relative to parent metals, TMC and TMN behave like noble metals for electrochemical reactions such as oxidation of hydrogen, CO and alcohols, and reduction of oxygen. When TMC and TMN are combined with other metals, the electrocatalytic synergy is often observed in electrochemical reactions. Thus, combinations with a minute amount of Pt or even non-Pt metals give performance comparable to heavily loaded Pt-based electrocatalysts for low temperature fuel cells. It appears that TMC based electrocatalysts are more active as anode catalysts for oxidation of fuels, whereas TMN based catalysts are more active for cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction and more stable.

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Section: Oxidation Of Methanol and Ethanol On Tmcssupporting

confidence: 72%

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Electrode Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

2009

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“…And although review articles in the electrochemical field have focused on the potential of TMCs as replacements for precious metal catalysts through a more solid understanding of their catalytic activity and stability [506][507][508], the electrocatalytic activities of TMC catalysts are not high enough for practical applications as electrocatalysts [509][510][511]. In addition, most TMCs oxidize at low potentials in acidic media to produce TMC oxides that are inactive for catalytic reactions.…”

Section: Carbides As Corementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, oxygen binding energies calculated by DFT suggest that core-shell-structured WC@ Pt catalysts with monolayer Pt shells can only provide ORR catalytic activities that are similar to bulk Pt [518]. And because of these detrimental results, a growing endeavor has been undertaken by researchers to identify potential applications of core-shell-structured WC@Pt catalysts with monolayer Pt shells in the fields of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and MOR electrocatalysis [376,510,515,519]. In terms of the catalytic activity of core-shell WC@Pt electrocatalysts for MORs, however, surface science experiments have revealed that the CO binding energy of the Pt monolayer on WC is weaker based on the lower surface desorption temperature of CO than Pt [520].…”

Section: Carbides As Corementioning

confidence: 99%

Core–Shell-Structured Low-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications

Wang

Luo

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Pt-based catalysts are the most efficient catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells. However, commercialization is impeded by prohibitively high costs and scarcity. One of the most effective strategies to reduce Pt loading is to deposit a monolayer or a few layers of Pt over other metal cores to form core-shell-structured electrocatalysts. In core-shell-structured electrocatalysts, the compositions of the core can be divided into five classes: single-precious metallic cores represented by Pd, Ru, and Au; singlenon-precious metallic cores represented by Cu, Ni, Co, and Fe; alloy cores containing 3d, 4d or 5d metals; and carbide and nitride cores. Of these, researchers have found that carbide and nitride cores can yield tremendous advantages over alloy cores in terms of cost and promotional activities of Pt shells. In addition, desirable shells with reasonable thicknesses and compositions have been recognized to play a dominant role in electrocatalytic performances. And recently, researchers have also found that the catalytic activity of core-shell-structured catalysts is dependent on the binding energy of the adsorbents, which is determined by the d-band center of Pt. The shifting of this d-band center in turn is mainly affected by strain and electronic effects, which can be adjusted by adjusting core compositions and shell thicknesses of catalysts. In the development of these core-shell structures, optimal synthesis methods are of primary concern because they directly determine the practical application potential of the resulting electrocatalysts. And in this article, the principles behind core-shell-structured low-Pt electrocatalysts and the developmental progresses of various synthesis methods along with the traits of each type of core and its effects on Pt shell catalytic activities are discussed. In addition, perspectives on this type of catalyst are discussed and future research directions are proposed.

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“…Investigators are working on development of carbon fibre doped with metals, new carbon material and carbon nano-tubes and mesoporous carbon nitride. Wiesener 1989;Zagal et al, 1992;Faubert et al, 1996; IrM (where M=Ru, Mo, W,V) Alves et al, 1999;Lefevre and Dodelet 2003;Schulenburg et al, 2003;Olson et al, 2008;Serov and Kwak, 2009 Methanol electro-oxidation Pd/C; Pd/Ni/C; Fe-MnO x ; Ni-MnO x Hwu et al, 2001;Zellnera and Chen 2005;Liu et al, 2003;Ganesan and Lee 2005;Weigert et al, 2007;Serov and Kwak, 2009 Ethanol electro-oxidation RuNi; Pd/C, PdAu/C; PtSn/CeO 2 -C; Tarasevich …”

Section: Approaches To Pemfc and Dafc Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Technology: India’s Perspective

Basu¹

2015

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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India, with over a billion people and a growing economy, is one of the countries, which will shape the energy supply and demand scenario in the 21 st century. With high growth rates of the Indian economy, energy needs are also growing rapidly. A growing global concern over environmental issues and the need for energy security of the country requires India to pursue all options for diversification of fuels and energy sources. In the coming decades, hydrogen is poised to become a major component in India's energy mix for meeting the growing energy needs of the economy. India's national energy policies acknowledge hydrogen as a promising energy storage option, which will provide clean and efficient energy to meet the requirements in power and transportation sectors. A National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap, setup by National Hydrogen Energy Board, India for the development of hydrogen energy related technologies including fuel cells, has been covered in detail. The most promising of all fuel cell technologies developed is proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which operates at a lower temperature. The variant of PEMFC is direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC), which is direct fed with methanol and ethanol as fuel instead of hydrogen. The road map is an industry-driven planning process that offers longterm hydrogen energy based solutions to India's energy sector. A section of this article provides detailed information about the R&D activities on PEMFC, DAFC and high temperature PEMFC in India. This covers developmental work carried out by the government research institutes, universities and private sector organizations. A majority of organizations are involved in fundamental research, for e.g. polymer membranes electrolyte, anode and cathode catalysts and membrane electrode assembly and hydrogen storage with very few involved in manufacturing and technology. Some institutions are involved in more application-oriented research such as stack and balance of plant development and fuel cell bus demonstration program. The market potential for fuel cell based applications in India is discussed at the end. India, with a growing economy and a suitable national energy policy is a huge prospective market for fuel cell based applications. Stationary markets for fuel cells in India range from backup power for residential applications to captive power generation for industrial applications. This article includes discussion on potential of fuel cell based power generation in luxury hotels, process industries, chlor-alkali and dairy industry and telecommunication and information technology industry. Fuel cell applications in the Indian automotive sector are of great prospects. Initial penetration in this sector will be in buses due to their centralized operation, maintenance and refuelling. Light duty vehicle market also shows potential for fuel cell technology implementation. India has a large number of organizations in the light duty vehicle category, i.e. passenger car sector.

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Tungsten Monocarbide as Potential Replacement of Platinum for Methanol Electrooxidation

Cited by 156 publications

References 28 publications

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Electrode Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides as Electrode Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Core–Shell-Structured Low-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Technology: India’s Perspective

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