Tuning Cellular Biological Functions Through the Controlled Release of NO from a Porous Ti‐MOF

Abstract

Materials for the controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) are of interest for therapeutic applications. However, to date, many suffer from toxicity and stability issues, as well as poor performance. Herein, we propose a new NO adsorption/release mechanism through the formation of nitrites on the skeleton of a titanium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) that we named MIP‐177, featuring a suitable set of properties for such an application: (i) high NO storage capacity (3 μmol mg−1solid), (ii) excellent biocompatibility at therapeutic relevant concentrations (no cytotoxicity at 90 μg mL−1 for wound healing) due to its high stability in biological media (<9 % degradation in 72 hours) and (iii) slow NO release in biological media (≈2 hours for 90 % release). The prospective application of MIP‐177 is demonstrated through NO‐driven control of mitochondrial respiration in cells and stimulation of cell migration, paving the way for the design of new NO delivery systems for wound healing therapy.

SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation Potential of Metal Organic Framework Induced Photocatalysis

“…1.1 nm Ti oxide chains connected via 3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxydiphenylmethane ligands to produce a nanoporous honeycomb porous architecture. [14] The presence of the infinite Ti oxide chains, associated with a very high oxo/Ti ratio of 1.5, creates a continuous photoconductor pathway enabling longer charge separation under photo excitation. This provides significant advantages in terms of reactive species generation, which benefits to photocatalytic remediation applications.…”

Metal–organic frameworks towards bio-medical applications

“…59,60 Some MOFs exhibit open metal sites, enabling direct binding to drug molecules. A recent example deals with a titanium(IV) tetracarboxylate, denoted MIP-177, which upon contact with the biologically active NO molecule, led to the formation of nitrites on its inorganic building unit, 61 in turn leading to an unprecedented slow release in body fluid suitable for wound healing. For exogenous linkers, it is required that they do not accumulate once inside the body and thus are expected to be excreted out of the body after treatment.…”

Engineering Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Controlled Delivery of Physiological Gaseous Transmitters

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that metal ion-containing MOFs could be potentially used as NO donors through the formation of metal nitrosyls. For example, Pinto et al [ 24 ]. designed a titanium (Ti)-based MOF material, MIP-177, forming nitrites on the MOFs skeleton.…”

“… MIP-177 microporosity and binding/release mechanism: viewed along the c -axis ( left ), adsorption and controlled release cycle of NO under the tested conditions ( right ) is shown. Reproduced with permission from [ 24 ], copyright 2020, John Wiley & Son. …”