Tuning the Refractive Index of Polymers for Polymer Waveguides Using Nanoscaled Ceramics or Organic Dyes

Böhm, J.; Haußelt, J.; Henzi, Patric; Litfin, K.; Hanemann, Thomas

doi:10.1002/adem.200300542

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19][20] The scattering and the resulting optical damping in the polymer-nanofiller-composites depend strongly on the applied dispersion method, due to the different deagglomeration forces of the used techniques. [18] Surface-modified silica nanoparticles can be filled in acrylate-based resins to a larger load up to 50 wt.-%; in combination with the acrylate composition using bisphenol-A-diacrylate as a co-monomer, a refractive index tuning between 1.48 and 1.51 at 633 nm is possible. [21] The addition of small, electron-rich, organic dopants to polymers is often motivated by the dopant's fluorescence behaviour detecting high-energy radiation or polymermatrix phase transitions, [22] the realisation of waveguides with particular, non-linear optical properties, [23] or the refractive-index modification of methacrylates in the NIR-range.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] The addition of small, electron-rich, organic dopants to polymers is often motivated by the dopant's fluorescence behaviour detecting high-energy radiation or polymermatrix phase transitions, [22] the realisation of waveguides with particular, non-linear optical properties, [23] or the refractive-index modification of methacrylates in the NIR-range. [18] Thin, transparent films (15 mm) of Ormosil systems comprised of electron-rich, organic moieties like phenyl groups can be synthesized by the sol-gel route. [24] The refractive-index variation is realized by changing the initial precursor composition.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polymer/Phenanthrene‐Derivative Host‐Guest Systems: Rheological, Optical and Thermal Properties

Hanemann

Böhm

Honnef

et al. 2007

Macro Materials & Eng

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Starting from commercially‐available, polymer‐based reactive resins like acrylates or unsaturated polyesters, a systematic investigation was carried out as to the influence organic dopants like phenanthrene and its derivatives have on the optical and thermal properties of the mixtures resulting from curing to the final thermoplastic polymer. The refractive index of PMMA at 633 nm can be increased, starting from 1.49 for the pure polymer, up to a value of around 1.55, and, in the case of the polyester, from 1.565 up to 1.6. The transmittance in the visible range is slightly affected at a lower dopant concentration of up to 10 wt.‐%, and remains better than 80% for a sample with a thickness of 1 mm, in the range between 500 and 800 nm. An unwanted side‐effect of larger dopant concentrations is to lower the glass transition temperature significantly.magnified image

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer/Phenanthrene‐Derivative Host‐Guest Systems: Rheological, Optical and Thermal Properties

Hanemann

Böhm

Honnef

et al. 2007

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Because of its optical clarity and known chemical and physical properties, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Plexiglas) is an excellent host for functional particles. Various types of metal oxide fillers such as Bi 4 10 Lee and Chen 7 described the preparation of highrefractive-index hybrid films using trialkoxysilane-capped TiO 2 particles. The authors reported a linear increase of the refractive index with TiO 2 content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Composites of PMMA and Surface-Modified Zincite Nanoparticles

et al. 2007

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Composites that show visible light transmittance, UV absorption, and moderately high refractive index, based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) nanoparticles, were prepared in two steps. First, surface-modified ZnO nanoparticles with 22 nm average diameter were nucleated by controlled precipitation via acid-catalyzed esterification of zinc acetate dihydrate with pentan-1-ol. The surface of growing crystalline particles was modified with tert-butylphosphonic acid (tBuPO 3 H 2 ) in situ by monolayer coverage. Particle size and graft density of -PO 3 H 2 on the particle surface were controlled by the amount of surfactant applied to the reaction solution. Second, the surface-modified particles were incorporated into PMMA by in-situ bulk polymerization. Free radical polymerization was carried out in the presence of these particles using AIBN as initiator. Volume fraction (φ) of the particles was varied from 0.10 to 7.76% (0.5 to 30 wt %). Although the particles are homogeneously dispersed in monomer, segregation of the individual particles upon polymerization was observed. Optical constants of the films ca. 2.0 µm including absorption and scattering efficiencies, indices of refraction, and dispersion constants were determined. The absorption coefficient at 350 nm increases linearly with ZnO, obeying Beer's law at low particle contents. However, it levels off toward a value of about 5000 cm -1 and shows a negative deviation at high concentrations because of aggregation of the individual particles. Waveguide propagation loss coefficients of the composite films were examined by prism coupling. A steep increase of the loss coefficient was found with a slope of 52 dB cm -1 vol % -1 as the volume fraction of the particle increases. The refractive index of the composites depends linearly on volume fraction of ZnO and varies from 1.487 to 1.507 (φ ) 7.76%) at 633 nm. The dispersion of refractive index was found to be consistent with Cauchy's formula. IntroductionThe development of polymer-based composites which exhibit various optical functionalities such as high/low refractive index, tailored absorption/emission properties, or strong optical nonlinearities attracts great interest because of the potential optoelectronic applications. 1,2 More specifically, it was pointed out that such composite materials could be applied as transparent substrate or flexible functional layers of optoelectronic devices which require high transparency in the visible range of the optical spectrum. 3 Replacing the conventional substrates made up of inorganic glasses by polymer-based materials could provide a number of advantages, as the polymer composites have milder processing conditions and better impact resistance, can be made flexible, and the optical parameters can be tailored. These composites are typically obtained by the incorporation of functional inorganic particles into a transparent polymer matrix. 3 While the polymeric component provides processability, flexibility, and transparency, the inorg...

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“…This can be done by the addition of nanoparticles with various refractive indices to the polymer. Bohm 79 , et al reported additions of nanoparticle zirconia, alumina, and silica to poly (methyl methacrylate) and they were able to adjust the refractive index over a sufficient range. Levels up to 10 Wt % loading were reported.…”

Section: Refractive Index Tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defence Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites

Kurahatti¹,

Surendranathan

Kori

et al. 2010

DSJ

148

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The potential opportunities promised by nanotechnology for enabling advances in defence technologies are staggering. Although these opportunities are likely to be realised over a few decades, many advantages are currently being explored, particularly for defence applications. This review provides an insight into the capabilities offered by nanocomposites which include smart materials, harder/lighter platforms, new fuel sources and storage as well as novel medical applications. It discusses polymer-based nanocomposite materials, nanoscale fillers and provides examples of the actual and potential uses of nanocomposite materials in defence with practical examples.

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Tuning the Refractive Index of Polymers for Polymer Waveguides Using Nanoscaled Ceramics or Organic Dyes

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Polymer/Phenanthrene‐Derivative Host‐Guest Systems: Rheological, Optical and Thermal Properties

Polymer/Phenanthrene‐Derivative Host‐Guest Systems: Rheological, Optical and Thermal Properties

Optical Properties of Composites of PMMA and Surface-Modified Zincite Nanoparticles

Defence Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites

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