Turbulent Free-Convection, Heat-Transfer Rates in a Horizontal Pipe

Abstract

Heat-transfer rates are reported for turbulent free convection in a finite-length horizontal pipe containing sodium. Heat is added at one end and removed at the other. A generalized equation which correlates the data is proposed giving the ratio of heat transfer with turbulent convection to that on pure conduction in terms of the L/D ratio, Prandtl number, Grashof number, and Reynolds number. The solution is extended to inclined pipe with one or both ends open to plenums.