Turkey's changing engagement with the global South

Abstract

Over the past fifteen years, Turkey has tried to achieve the status of global actor. Enhancing ties with the global South has been one policy to achieve this objective. The article aims to analyse the changing trajectory of Ankara's approach towards a non-traditional orientation of its foreign policy, the southern dimension, by focusing on the determinants of the Justice and Development Party's (AKP) foreign policy in the last decade. The key argument is that the southern orientation of Turkish foreign policy has lost its constructive and developmental direction due to the complex interactions between the regional crisis in Turkey's neighborhood and domestic democratic backsliding, coupled with Erdogan's executive centralization, especially after the failed coup of 2016. As a major finding, the agenda securitization and the increased personalization of Turkey's domestic and international agenda have polluted an attractive foreign policy, even in non-priority regional areas.

China–Turkey Relations from the Perspective of Neoclassical Realism

“…Moreover, rising nationalism and anti-Western rhetoric have provided a window of opportunity for a new partnership (the so-called Cumhur Alliance) between the AKP and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) (Altunışık, 2020, p. 15;Yavuz & Ozcan, 2019, pp. 86-88; see also Levaggi & Donelli, 2021, p. 1108. That is to say that the current political equilibrium in Turkey has also pushed JDP to drift toward anti-western rhetoric.…”

“…At the international level, the Turkish anti-Western rhetoric 11 has a twofold facet. It is being used by Turkish FPEs to bolster Turkey’s image among the countries of the Global South and within specific regional agendas (Levaggi & Donelli, 2021). In the first case, Turkey promotes a comprehensive reform of global governance epitomized by the motto “the world is bigger than five” (Aral, 2019; Yeşiltaş, 2014, pp.…”

Türkiye ve Katar’ın Orman Ürünleri Ticareti Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

“…Türkiye Akdeniz, Karadeniz, Balkanlar, Kafkaslar ve Orta Doğu'yu birbirine bağlayan bir köprü konumunda olması (Kaya, 2017) nedeniyle, son 15 yılda, Ortadoğu ve Güneybatı Asya ülkeleri ile ilişkilerini daha da geliştirmek/artırmak için çaba göstermiştir (Levaggi ve Donelli, 2021). Haziran 2017'de bölge ülkelerinden Suudi Arabistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE), Bahreyn ve Mısır'ın Katar'a bazı ambargolar uygulaması ve bu süreçte, Türkiye'nin Katar'a karşı herhangi bir ambargoda bulunmaması ve hatta yanında yer aldığını bildiren tavrı, Türkiye'nin Katar ilişkilerinin pekişmesine neden olmuştur (Riggs, 2021).…”