“…Because SNS enable users to interact, collaborate, and upload user-generated content in real time from devices with internet access such as smartphones, the platforms can be of tremendous use during highly dynamic crisis situations (Mendoza, Poblete, & Castillo, 2010). In addition, these real-time, two-way communication and many-to-many information broadcasting tools allow active public participation during crisis events by making it possible to browse others' published information, post, and leave public comments (e.g., Palen, Vieweg, Liu, & Hughes, 2009;Pang & Ng, 2016). Thus, even people who are not at the crisis scene can make sense of events by accessing information posted in SNS.…”