Two-Dimensional Material-Based Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Food Safety and Biomolecular Detection

Abstract

Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) exhibited great potential for applications in materials science, energy storage, environmental science, biomedicine, sensors/biosensors, and others due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this review, we present recent advances in the fabrication of 2DM-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors for applications in food safety and biomolecular detection that are related to human health. For this aim, firstly, we introduced the bottom-up and top-down synthesis methods of various 2DMs, such as graphene, transition metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and several other graphene-like materials, and then we demonstrated the structure and surface chemistry of these 2DMs, which play a crucial role in the functionalization of 2DMs and subsequent composition with other nanoscale building blocks such as nanoparticles, biomolecules, and polymers. Then, the 2DM-based electrochemical sensors/biosensors for the detection of nitrite, heavy metal ions, antibiotics, and pesticides in foods and drinks are introduced. Meanwhile, the 2DM-based sensors for the determination and monitoring of key small molecules that are related to diseases and human health are presented and commented on. We believe that this review will be helpful for promoting 2DMs to construct novel electronic sensors and nanodevices for food safety and health monitoring.

Stereoselective cycloaddition of biologically active thioindoline with the smallest nanocage in gas phase versus solution via density functional theory

“…Following different survey on Drug delivery and nanostructures, [ 22–52 ] here DFT–SCRF calculations are applied to probe energetic, geometric, and stability characters of the reaction between 1,3‐diene ( I ) with dienophile ( C 20 ) in order to give the suggested drug delivery ( I a ). This cycloaddition is take placed through formation of a cyclohexene ring with boat conformation and C 1 symmetry in gas phase and in solution, which is often taken as one of prototype pericyclic concerted reactions.…”

Advances in the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals by Using Graphene‐Based Sensors

“…In fact, the performance of a graphene-based sensor is predominately affected by the structure and properties of the graphene-based material adopted. Over the years, along with advances in materials science and engineering, [128][129][130][131] diverse top-down [132][133][134][135] and bottom-up [136][137][138][139][140] approaches have been reported to generate graphene-based materials with a wide variety of structures. Yet, little works have focused on strategies to reduce structural variations among products formed in different batches.…”

Design and Practical Considerations for Active Polymeric Films in Food Packaging

“…Among different packaging materials, polymers have been widely adopted. This is largely because, compared to other packaging materials (such as wood and glass), polymers have greater flexibility and versatility in their structures and functions [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Their properties can be more easily tuned to meet the needs of different food packaging applications [ 10 , 11 ].…”