Two Models of Moral Judgment

Bretz, Shane; Sun, Ron

doi:10.1111/cogs.12517

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…Our regression analyses showed that, consistent with previous studies ( Voiklis and Malle, 2017 ), YA’s moral/conventional judgments seem to rely on the agent’s intentions and on an analysis of mental states (especially in terms of their assessment of the intensity of others’ emotions), but also on the analysis of their own mental state (in terms of emotions they feel). This result suggests a double influence of the “social brain” and the “emotional brain” ( Young and Dungan, 2012 ) in moral/conventional judgments ( Greene et al, 2001 ; Nichols, 2002 ; Moll et al, 2008 ; Tasso et al, 2017 ; Bretz and Sun, 2018 ). In contrast, OA’s moral/conventional judgments did not rely on their own emotions but only on the analysis of others’ mental states (in terms of the others’ intentionality and the intensity of others’ emotions).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Using a Computer-Based Virtual Environment to Assess Social Cognition in Aging: An Exploratory Study of the REALSoCog Task

et al. 2022

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Although previous studies have suggested that some component processes of social cognition decline in normal aging, several methodological limitations can be pointed out. Traditional sociocognitive tasks assess processes separately and lack ecological validity. In the present study, the main aim was to propose an integrative social cognition assessment in normal aging using an original computer-based task developed in non-immersive virtual reality. Forty-five young adults (YA) and 50 older adults (OA) were asked to navigate in a simulated city environment and to judge several situations that they encountered. These situations investigated social norms by displaying control or (conventional/moral) transgressions. Following each situation, the participants were asked several questions in order to assess their ability to make moral judgments, affective and cognitive theory of mind, emotional reactivity and empathy, and the propensity to act in a socially appropriate or inappropriate way. The main results showed (i) a preserved ability to detect moral and conventional transgressions with advancing age; (ii) participants’ preserved cognitive ToM abilities; (iii) an age-related decline in affective ToM, that disappeared when the victim was a senior; (iv) preserved emotional reactivity and emotional empathy in normal aging; (v) an increase in inappropriate behavioral intentions in normal aging. Offering more naturalistic conditions, this new task is an interesting integrative measure of sociocognitive functioning to better reflect social behavior in daily living.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Using a Computer-Based Virtual Environment to Assess Social Cognition in Aging: An Exploratory Study of the REALSoCog Task

et al. 2022

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“…Indeed, patients showed less utilitarian behaviors and more emotion-based evaluations compared to healthy subjects. Although moral judgment is considered to occur quickly as an intuitive automatic response, based on deontological principles rather than being a conscious and rational reasoning process that follows a careful evaluation of the moral situation (Haidt, 2001), the definition of the acceptability of moral actions entails the engagement of specific decision-making competences to calculate the preferable solution (Bretz and Sun, 2018). Rational calculation of moral actions usually results in utilitarian solutions (the greatest good for the greatest number), while emotion-based evaluations imply taking non-utilitarian behaviors, as seen in our patient sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Moral Reasoning in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: How Emotional Detachment Modifies Moral Judgment

et al. 2020

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In the last decade, scientific literature provided solid evidence of cognitive deficits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and their effects on end-life choices. However, moral cognition and judgment are still poorly investigated in this population. Here we aimed at evaluating both socio-cognitive and socio-affective components of moral reasoning in a sample of 28 ALS patients. Patients underwent clinical and neuropsychological evaluation including basic cognitive and social cognition measures. Additionally, we administered an experimental task including moral dilemmas, with instrumental and incidental conditions. Patients’ performances were compared with a control group [healthy control (HC)], including 36 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy subjects. Despite that the judgment pattern was comparable in ALS and HC, patients resulted less prone to carry out a moral transgression compared to HC. Additionally, ALS patients displayed higher levels of moral permissibility and lower emotional arousal, with similar levels of engagement in both instrumental and incidental conditions. Our findings expanded the current literature about cognitive deficits in ALS, showing that in judging moral actions, patients may present non-utilitarian choices and emotion flattening. Such a decision-making profile may have relevant implications in applying moral principles in real-life situations and for the judgment of end-of-life treatments and care in clinical settings.

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“…Also, in personal life, the story's hero and the one who is reasoning are the same individuals. Furthermore, the PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY emotions [33,44,45], sense of duty [46], thought of the outcome, and the fate of the closest people [32] affects the individual's decision and maybe a moral act independent of moral judgment in reality [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Approaches for Measuring Moral Development: Neo-Kohlbergian Approach and Moral Study Challenges

Hooshyari

Delavar

Minaee

et al. 2018

IJPCP

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Objectives A few of the challenges involved in measuring moral development includes tools and methodology. The present study compared two neo-Kohlbergian approaches in the study of moral development. Methods A total of 40 peoples referred to the Center for Behavioral and Mental Health Assessment were selected as a sample group, subjected to QUAN-QUAL (equal) design, and assessed using Defining Issue Test (DIT), Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form (SRM-SF), semi-structured interviews based on hypothetical moral dilemmas, and in-depth interviews based on real-life dilemmas. Results The results showed that DIT and SRM-SF scores were correlated in the moral maturity index; however, these two methods and the results of conflicts in real life exhibited significant differences . Conclusion Therefore, standards and instructions were applied to both methods including test based on the memory or recalling that would yield similar results. Furthermore, the difference between these two methods with respect to results and interviews based on real-life dilemmas might be dependent on the situation of the individual than the tools, making self-judgment easier for individuals.

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Two Models of Moral Judgment

Cited by 16 publications

References 91 publications

Using a Computer-Based Virtual Environment to Assess Social Cognition in Aging: An Exploratory Study of the REALSoCog Task

Using a Computer-Based Virtual Environment to Assess Social Cognition in Aging: An Exploratory Study of the REALSoCog Task

Unraveling Moral Reasoning in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: How Emotional Detachment Modifies Moral Judgment

Comparison of Two Approaches for Measuring Moral Development: Neo-Kohlbergian Approach and Moral Study Challenges

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