Two viruses from adult honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus)

Bailey, L.; Gibbs, Adrian; Woods, R. D.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(63)90200-9

Cited by 171 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A similar behaviour was noticed in ABPV-and CBPV-infected honeybees (Bailey et al, 1963). Although, it remains to be determined if this behaviour is to avoid transmission of the virus through the entire colony, it is known that the contacts of networks are important for parasite transmission dynamics within bumblebee nests, with bee contact rate being a significant predictor of Crithidia bombi transmission (Otterstatter & Thomson, 2007).…”

Section: Discussion Symptoms After Infection With Iapvmentioning

confidence: 52%

Israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and Dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (Bombus terrestris)

Wang

Meeus

Smagghe

2016

Journal of General Virology

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Although it is known that Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) can cause bee mortality, the symptoms of paralysis and the distribution of the virus in different body tissues and their potential to respond with an increase of the siRNA antiviral immune system have not been studied. In this project we worked with Bombus terrestris, which is one of the most numerous bumblebee species in Europe and an important pollinator for wild flowers and many crops in agriculture. Besides the classic symptoms of paralysis and trembling prior to death, we report a new IAPVrelated symptom, crippled/immobilized forelegs. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR showed that IAPV accumulates in different body tissues (midgut, fat body, brain and ovary). The highest levels of IAPV were observed in the fat body. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) we detected IAPV in the Kenyon cells of mushroom bodies and neuropils from both antennal and optic lobes of the brain in IAPV-infected workers. Finally, we observed an induction of Dicer-2, a core gene of the RNAi antiviral immune response, in the IAPV-infected tissues of B. terrestris workers. According to our results, tissue tropism and the induction strength of Dicer-2 could not be correlated with virus-related paralysis symptoms. INTRODUCTIONHoneybees and bumblebees are the two most important bee species used in modern apiculture and agriculture. They host many viruses. When looking at the honeybee, there have been around 23 viruses reported and many of these viruses only persist as covert and asymptomatic infections which show no detectable impact at both the individual and colony level (McMenamin & Genersch, 2015). However, under certain conditions, for example the presence of the ectoparasitic honeybee mite Varroa destructor, the covert infections of some viruses turn into overt ones with observable symptoms (Martin et al., 2012;McMahon et al., 2015;Singh et al., 2010). The symptoms of overt infections vary from virus to virus, including deformed wings, discoloration, hair losses, bloated abdomen, paralysis, decreased locomotion, impaired cognition and both brood and adult mortality (Lanzi et al., 2006;McMenamin & Genersch, 2015;Singh et al., 2010). Some symptoms can be easily recognized by the behaviour and appearance of the infected bees, while others can only be confirmed through meticulous and continuous observations or by molecular techniques.In bumblebees (Bombus spp.) a subset of honeybee-infecting viruses has been reported, such as deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV), sacbrood virus (SBV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and Lake Sinai virus (LSV) (Genersch et al., 2006;Levitt et al., 2013;Parmentier et al., 2016;Peng et al., 2011). However, only DWV, KBV and IAPV have been reported to cause clinical symptoms (Genersch et al., 2006;Meeus et al., 2014). DWV caused crippled wings in bumblebee (Bombus terrestris and Bombus pascuorum) workers even without ...

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Section: Discussion Symptoms After Infection With Iapvmentioning

confidence: 52%

Israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and Dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (Bombus terrestris)

Wang

Meeus

Smagghe

2016

Journal of General Virology

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“…In the 1960ies, ABPV was described as an economically irrelevant infection of bees (Bailey et al, 1963). First observations of mortality associated with ABPV in nature were reported from the UK in the mid seventies (Bailey, 1976) predating the arrival of V. destructor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time PCR based survey on acute bee paralysis virus in German bee colonies

et al. 2008

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-The significance of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV) for the overwintering capacity of honeybee colonies was studied under field conditions. A case-control study of samples collected in Germany from 2004 to 2006 was performed. Successfully wintering colonies (control) were compared with winter fatalities (cases), using a binary logistic regression model that focused on the pre-winter ABPV burden as the explanatory variable. To quantify the ABPV burden a SYBR Green based real time PCR protocol was developed. An ABPV-specific primer pair hybridising to the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase region was used. The assay proved to be ABPV specific and reproducible. ABPV infection was more often observed in colonies that did not survive the winter. In addition, winter fatalities showed higher ABPV burden than surviving colonies. Our findings provide support for a strong and presumably causal relationship between winter mortality, Varroa destructor and ABPV.Apis mellifera /acute bee paralysis virus / real time PCR / relevance / viral load / winter mortality / Varroa destructor

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“…Of the viral diseases, chronic bee paralysis and, according to earlier data, sacbrood, have long been suspected to be present in Hungary based on clinical symptoms; however, due to the limited availability of specific antisera it has not been possible to confirm their presence serologically (Szücs, 1973;Koltai, 1985;Békési and Rusvai, 1998). Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, 1999 Acute paralysis virus (APV) was originally discovered during laboratory infection experiments (Bailey et al, 1963) and, until recently, was never associated with disease or mortality of bees in nature. However, the virus is commonly present in small amounts in apparently healthy bees, especially in the summer, but it may normally only be detected indirectly, by sensitive infectivity tests (Bailey et al, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Acute Paralysis Virus of the Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) in a Hungarian Apiary Infested With the Parasitic Mite Varroa Jacobsoni

Békési

Ball

Dobos-Kovács

et al. 1999

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Viruses of the honey bee have been known for a long time; however, recently the attention of scientists and apiculturalists has turned towards the relationship between these viruses and the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. Although clinical symptoms indicated the presence of some of the viruses of bees in Hungary, none have previously been isolated or identified. During July unusual adult bee and brood mortality was observed in some colonies of an apiary in Budapest known to be infested with Varroa jacobsoni. Large amounts of acute paralysis virus (APV) were detected serologically in healthy honey bee pupae killed by the injection of a bacteria-free extract of diseased adult bees. Crystalline arrays of ! nm particles were seen in ultrathin sections of the tissues of injected pupae and naturally infected adult bees. In spite of the application of acaricide treatments the bee population in several colonies had collapsed by the end of summer and the apiary suffered severe wintering losses.

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Two viruses from adult honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus)

Cited by 171 publications

References 3 publications

Israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and Dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (Bombus terrestris)

Israeli acute paralysis virus associated paralysis symptoms, viral tissue distribution and Dicer-2 induction in bumblebee workers (Bombus terrestris)

A real-time PCR based survey on acute bee paralysis virus in German bee colonies

Occurrence of Acute Paralysis Virus of the Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) in a Hungarian Apiary Infested With the Parasitic Mite Varroa Jacobsoni

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