2011
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2010
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Type 1 Diabetes: Etiology, Immunology, and Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which destruction or damaging of the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans results in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. We only know for sure that autoimmunity is the predominant effector mechanism of T1D, but may not be its primary cause. T1D precipitates in genetically susceptible individuals, very likely as a result of an environmental trigger. Current genetic data point towards the following genes as susceptibility genes: HLA, insulin, PTPN22, I… Show more

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Cited by 864 publications
(750 citation statements)
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References 504 publications
(409 reference statements)
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“…41,42 It has been reported that podocytes depletion or loss coincides with the onset of albuminuria. 31 Hyperglycemia induces the generation of ROS via NADPH oxidase and activated caspases cascade, ultimately leading to podocyte apoptosis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…41,42 It has been reported that podocytes depletion or loss coincides with the onset of albuminuria. 31 Hyperglycemia induces the generation of ROS via NADPH oxidase and activated caspases cascade, ultimately leading to podocyte apoptosis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is indicated by a decrease in the incidence of chronic complications of T1DM and an improvement in the complications resulting from increased C-peptide and IL-2 reduction [44]. The same thing is also shown by research in California, which is obtained a negative correlation between C-peptide and IL-2 [45].…”
Section: Subject Characteristicsmentioning
confidence: 56%
“…These peptides may uncover new targets that may not have otherwise been implicated in the disease process. Furthermore, a similar approach might pave the way for effective therapeutic approaches for other autoimmune diseases besides arthritis (33)(34)(35).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%