Typhoid fever in African and Indian children in Durban.

Enteric Fever – Culture and Sensitivity Pattern and Treatment Outcome

“…Chloram› phenicol cured 72.7% of our cases. Anand et al found a clinical response in only 31 % [9] which was much lower than the response of 88.3% to 100% reported by other authors [11][12][13] 33 were treated with ciprofloxacin, 6 each with chloramphenicol and gentamicin + cephal› exin and 3 with trimethoprim -sulfamethoxa› zole + furazolidine. The drugs in these 48 cases were not allotted randomly in view of the complications of the disease they were having (Table 3).…”

Enteric fever in young Yoruba children.

“…Such a relation could also explain the severe anaemia already commented upon, for which no satisfactory cause can be found. Scragg et al (1969) in South Africa reported a 13 * 500 incidence of anaemia below 8 * 0 g/dl in her series of typhoid patients, but neither she nor Sood and Taneja (1961), writing from Delhi, found anaemia to be a grave clinical problem. Kaye, Merselis, and Hook (1965) have shown that mice infected with Plasmodium berghei show increased susceptibility to Salmonella typhimurium infection, and Greenwood et al (1972) in Zaria have shown that in acute malaria the antibody response to salmonella 0 antigen is suppressed.…”

“…Localizing abdominal findings such as pain, distension, and a tumid abdomen, which can be important diagnostically in older children (Scragg, Rubidge, and Wallace, 1969), were seen only in 8 children over the age of 2 years. A finding of splenomegaly in children in this malarial area was of no help in diagnosis.…”

The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap Province, Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

“…Several hospital-based studies, a hospital outpatient-based prospective study of febrile patients, and a disease surveillance in Chicago showed that about one-quarter to one-third of pediatric typhoid fever cases were under 5 years old, and 6 to 21% were under 2 years of age (Table 2). [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In this study, no culture-positive typhoid fever was detected in persons Ͻ 2 years of age. The apparent absence of culture-positive typhoid fever in children less than 2 years of age may be due to the difficulty and reluctance of doctors to draw five mL blood from a small child.…”

“…Following acute infections, patients may continue to excrete S. typhi for several weeks or for years as a chronic carrier. 2 Nearly half of the culture-positive typhoid fever in this study oc- Galloway and others 14 Scragg and others 15 Mulligan 16 Johnson and others 17 Thisyakorn and others 18 Chow and others 19 Ellis and others 20 Lepage and others 22 Verma and others 21 Velema and others 24 Mirsa and others 23 This study curred in March and April, the two months at the end of the dry season. The water level progressively gets lower during the dry season, especially in smaller waterways.…”