Typical Triassic Gondwanan floral elements in the Upper Permian of the paleotropics

Kerp, Hans; Hamad, Abdalla Abu; Vörding, Birgit; Bändel, Klaus

doi:10.1130/g22187.1

Cited by 93 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There are also several recent reports that plants characteristic of and common in the Mesozoic already occur in the Permian (DiMichele et al 2001;LePage et al 2003; Kerp et al 2006), further emphasizing the significance of this period in the modernization of gymnosperms. We consider here specifically the broadleaved gymnosperms that today include cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetales, and exclude from discussion those that had needle-like leaves that today include conifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nystroemiaceae, a new family of Permian gymnosperms from China with an unusual combination of features

Wang

Pfefferkorn

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Nystroemiaceae is proposed as a new family of gymnosperms from the Permian of Cathaysia that adds to the diversity of gymnosperms known from this critical time in seed plant evolution. This family is characterized by bifurcating and highly branched pinnate ovuliferous organs bearing bicornute ovules (seeds) and entire leaves with anastomozing veins that are born on complex and modern-looking branching systems with clear axillary branching. The reconstruction is based on numerous large specimens from two localities in North China, in which the different plant parts are attached to each other. The ovulate structures show some apparently plesiomorphic (primitive) character states more typical of early seed plants, whereas the leaves and branches show the clearly apomorphic (derived) character states of broad-leaved gymnosperms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nystroemiaceae, a new family of Permian gymnosperms from China with an unusual combination of features

Wang

Pfefferkorn

2009

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…North Gondwanan ecosystems (Morocco, Niger) had closer affinities with Euramerican ecosystems (Southern Alps, Zechstein, South Urals) than to south Gondwanan (Karoo Basin, India, Brazil) ecosystems. The presence of communities with mixed compositions along the northern Pangaean coast had been observed already for the plant assemblages; for example, in Turkey, the Arabian Peninsula, New Guinea, central Tibet, and China (Durante, 1983;Wang, 1985;Berthelin et al, 2003;Kerp, 2006;Abu Hamad et al, 2008;Srivastava and Agnihotri, 2010;Wang, 2010). The Laos ecosystem shows affinity with Karoo-type ecosystems, a condition probably inherited before the northward migration of the various continental blocks of southeastern Asia from the northeastern margin of Gondwana (Metcalfe, 2013).…”

Section: Late Permian Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant fossil assemblages have been described from the Germanic Basin (mostly Germany and England; e.g., Stoneley, 1958;Haubold and Schaumberg, 1985;Schweitzer, 1986;Uhl and Kerp, 2002 and ref. therein), Italy (e.g., Visscher et al, 2001;Kustatscher et al, 2012Kustatscher et al, , 2014; Oman and Jordan (Berthelin et al, 2003;Kerp, 2006;Hamad et al, 2008), China (Sun, 2006;Deng et al, 2009), Brazil (Archangelsky, 1986;Rösler, 1989, 2000;Langer et al, 2008), Antarctica (McLoughlin et al, 1997;Manus et al, 2002), South Africa (Anderson and Anderson, 1985;Prevec et al, 2009Prevec et al, , 2010, Laos (Bercovici et al, 2012), and Australia (Beattie, 2007). Notably, the lack of plant and animal fossil co-occurrence, or alternatively their extremely low diversity, prevents the full reconstruction of terrestrial ecosystems for most of these sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Permian (Lopingian) Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Global Comparison With New Data From the Low Latitude Bletterbach Biota

Petti¹,

Bernardi²,

Kustatscher³

et al. 2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Keywords:Tetrapoda flora phytoprovinces plant-insect interactions climate endemism latitudinal diversity gradient A B S T R A C TThe late Palaeozoic is a pivotal period for the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Generalised warming and aridification trends resulted in profound floral and faunal turnover as well as increased levels of endemism. The patchiness of well-preserved, late Permian terrestrial ecosystems, however, complicates attempts to reconstruct a coherent, global scenario. In this paper, we provide a new reconstruction of the Bletterbach Biota (Southern Alps, NE Italy), which constitutes a unique, low-latitude record of Lopingian life on land. We also integrate floral, faunal (from skeletal and footprint studies), and plant-insect interaction data, as well as global climatic interpretations, to compare the composition of the 14 best-known late Permian ecosystems. The results of this ecosystem-scale analysis provide evidence for a strong correlation between the distribution of the principal clades of tetrapod herbivores (dicynodonts, pareiasaurs, captorhinids), phytoprovinces and climatic latitudinal zonation. We show that terrestrial ecosystems were structured and provincialised at high taxonomic levels by climate regions, and that latitudinal distribution is a key predictor of ecosystem compositional affinity. A latitudinal diversity gradient characterised by decreasing richness towards higher latitudes is apparent: mid-to lowlatitude ecosystems had the greatest amount of high-level taxonomic diversity, whereas those from high latitudes were dominated by small numbers of higher taxa. The high diversities of tropical ecosystems stem from their inclusion of a mixture of late-occurring holdovers from the early Permian, early members of clades that come to prominence in the Triassic, and contemporary taxa that are also represented in higher latitude assemblages. A variety of evidence suggests that the Permian tropics acted as both a cradle (an area with high origination rates) and museum (an area with low extinction rates) for biodiversity.

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“…Interrupted by the Permo-Triassic crisis, Mesozoic types of continental biota began to develop during the Permian (e.g. Kerp 1996;DiMichele et al 2001;Kerp et al 2006).…”

Section: The Non-marine Permian Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction

Lucas

Schneider

Cassinis

2006

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Typical Triassic Gondwanan floral elements in the Upper Permian of the paleotropics

Cited by 93 publications

References 23 publications

Nystroemiaceae, a new family of Permian gymnosperms from China with an unusual combination of features

Nystroemiaceae, a new family of Permian gymnosperms from China with an unusual combination of features

Late Permian (Lopingian) Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Global Comparison With New Data From the Low Latitude Bletterbach Biota

Non-marine Permian biostratigraphy and biochronology: an introduction

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