Über primäre Dinitro‐, Nitronitrit‐ und Dialdoxim‐Verbindungen der Fettreihe. II. Derivate der Heptan‐Reihe und Synthese des Pimelinaldehyds

A diazonium salt will couple with an aliphatic compound containing an activated carbon‐hydrogen bond. This discussion is limited to those reactions in which both the nitrogen atoms of the diazonium salts are retained in the resulting molecule. The discussion is further limited by the exclusion of coupling reactions, which occur with the elimination of a group from an activated methinyl compound, the Japp‐Klingemann reaction. These reactions are discussed in Chapter 2. Much of the early work with coupling was prompted by the desire to determine whether the products were of the azo or hydrazonestructure. It is difficult to establish the structures in such cases where the tautomeric forms are possible. It is generally considered that the hydrazone is the stable form.

The Coupling of Diazonium Salts with Aliphatic Carbon Atoms

Parmerter

2011

The Synthesis of Aliphatic and Alicyclic Nitro Compounds

Kornblum

2011

This chapter is concerned with the synthesis of nitro compounds in which the nitro group is on a saturated carbon atom. The most important methods available are as follows: 1. Treatment of alkyl halides with silver nitrite; 2. Reaction of allyl bromides and iodides with sodium nitrite; 3. Oxidation of amines; 4. Oxidation of oximes; 5. Nitration of active methylene compounds; 6, Nitration of active methylene compounds with nitric acid. These reactions are discussed and also noted are miscellaneous reactions of limited utility. Comparison of methods is given.

The Aldol Condensation

Nielsen

Houlihan²

2011

The aldol condensation takes its name from aldol (3‐hydroxybutanal) a name introduced by Wurtz who first prepared the beta‐hydroxy aldehyde from acetaldehdye in 1872. The aldol condensation includes reactions producing beta‐hydroxy aldehydes or beta‐hydroxy ketones by self condensations or mixed condensations of aldehydes and ketones as well as reactions leading to alpha, beta‐unsaturated aldehydes or alpha,beta‐unsaturated ketones formed by dehydration of intermediate beta‐aldols or beta‐ketals. The Claisen‐Schmidt condensation is most often taken to be the condensation of an aromatic aldehyde or ketone usually in the presence of a basic catalyst. The term aldol condensation has also been applied to many other condensations involving the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone. These condenations are discussed. The present review includes examples that are solely condensation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.