Ueber das Knall‐Silber und Knall‐Quecksilber, und über ihre, und anderer Knall‐Metalle wahre Natur

Abstract

VI.Ocher diar X n d l -SilLcr und &all P Quickji&r, und iibcr ihrc, und rndcrrr Knrll-Metallc rahrc Nrtur; y o n Dr. JUST. LLEDIG, jctzt in Paris. (Vorgrlrfrn drr k6m. Akrd. in Paris irn Srpt 1823 ron Gry-Lubrc.)*)f J n t e r die mcrkwiirdigffcn Kiirper, nelclie die Chcmie uns kennrn Jahrt , geli6ren iinflreitig dar Kn.11-Silber und das Knall-QiieckGlbcr. Die pliyGfclien Eigenfchaften bcider kenneri wir Iiinlitii~licli, ilirr chemifche Zuf~mrnrnfetziing ift uns abar noch iinbekannt. lcll Ilabr mich mit der Unterfiicliiing iind niit der Analyfo derfrlben feit ehiger &it befclilft+t, u n d bin auf To interefTantr hefultate gekonirneii, d& icll diirch Bekanntmdiung derfclbcn mir ein Verdicnfi die Chomiker zii erirarben hoffe. Die Gcfcliichta drs Knoll-Silberc und do, Kn.11-Qucckfilbrrs riedcrholc icli liier tiiclit. Die HH. Howard, Berthollet, Fourcroy, Descotili und Thenard Iiaben Gcli rnit der Ziifammcnretzuug des Knd-Queckfilbers befclirftigt ; riif die Zufamrnenfetzung der Knall-Silbcrs fchtint man niir nach Analogis gefchloITon imd dalTelbe nie befondern Untcrfiicliungen untrrworf t n zii haben.H o n a r d nalirn i n ilincn SauerLleefaure a n , vcrbundan mit S~lpetcrgas und Aetlirr, und *) Mit Einfchrlton~ rinigcr fprtcrrn ton dcrn Hrn Vcrf. TIXI Farir aus mir mitgrtbciltcn Nochtrige h i brubritct. Gilb. Dd a c 394 1 B or t 11 o 11 r t rufserdern nocli Ammoniak. F o n c r a.7 und T h e n a r d frndrn a h Befiandtheile Ammonirk und cinen bdondrrn vcgctrbilifcheo Stoff, voii darn Go bclirupteteii er fey von durcliaus unbeliaiidiger Milchung, odcr doch fo lciclit zerfctzbar, dafs ninn i h u nicht ifolirt erhdten k6nne. Aucli D c L c o t i 1 a zog diere lttzte F o l p r u n g a113 Linen Verfucheii : In rinern Anffrtze, worin ich (in cItm I\epcrtoriurn dot Phrrmrzir von Budhnrr mid Kafiner fiir daa Jrlir 1811) einr Methodo drs Knrllflbrr ficlicr d;lrzitfirllrn, und cinigo dor nicrkwfirdigfien Eigenfclirflon dclTelben Sdchricbrn habe, gab ich ah Bcfirndtfieile dcflclben Silboroxyd, Ammonirk u n d Sauurklechure an. Dcnn icli f a d in dcr Auflahng des Silbers in SalpeterTaiire, befonaerr w r n s cine fiarke \Virrnr zu Hiilfe genommeii war, beftandig Ammonink, und bri dorn nachharigen koclicn drs KnanGlberr mit Kalilauge machtrn dioDinipfr ger6th.t~~ Lackmuspapier wicdcr blau; drfs drs Ammoniak ern durcli die Wirkimg der Salpeterr5ure 81Lf den Alkoliol gebildrt werde, waste ich nicht anziincfimen, dr Gcli bci Behandlung blorscr Salpet~rf5ure niit Alkoliol oline Silber, nir AmmoniJc ini iiiickfiandc zeigte. SnurrLIccJiiure nahm icli an, weil r h o vollkommen gdattigh AuflsftinS des KnJllilbers i n Kili-Taiige, mit Knlklalzrn NiedcrfclJzge gab, wclclie fich wie fiuerklecfaurer Kdk zii vcrhrltcn fchicnen. Dafs abcr, wie icIi zeigtc, das Knalifilbcr Gcli 111s einer Colchon AufldiinS in Alkali mit u n v r r~n d c r t r r dctonirehdcr E i p & h r f t niederfch1agen lief,, fiilirtr rnf dir Vefmiitliuii~ dao, was Iich niit den A'lkalien verbnnd, N s o wohl rinr S i w o r e p . Durch moinr fppatrrll VtrCuclie ifi diel'e Ymmuthun...

The First Chemical Achievements and Publications by Justus von Liebig (1803−1873) on Metal Fulminates and Some Further Developments in Metal Fulminates and Related Areas of Chemistry

“…He himself demonstrated his new compounds at the meeting of the academy. In the publications on these results [12,13] some very interesting remarks on fulminates are to be found: ''It is now clear, that the detonating principle is due to a special acid.'' Liebig recognised the analogy between metal cyanides and metal fulminates, perhaps somewhat instinctively and said: ''Although we find in detonating acids (fulminic acid) and det-onating salts (metal fulminates) all the elements of cyanic acid they are not cyanides.''…”

“…[16] Together with F. Lux it was shown [16] 6 ] 4Ϫ . At the session of the academy, where Liebig's results were so successfully presented, [13] Alexander von Humboldt was present. Gay-Lussac and von Humboldt were close friends and they worked together on the law of combining gases (Gay-Lussac law).…”

“…Liebig recognised the analogy between metal cyanides and metal fulminates, perhaps somewhat instinctively and said: ''Although we find in detonating acids (fulminic acid) and det-onating salts (metal fulminates) all the elements of cyanic acid they are not cyanides.'' Liebig [13] reported the reactions of silver fulminate and of mercury fulminate with CaO, MgO, KOH, and NaOH. With copper, zinc, and iron he obtained explosive compounds which he called, for example, ''real fulminating copper'' (''wahres Knallkupfer'') and stated that the salts of fulminic acid (metal fulminates) belong to the most beautiful compounds in chemistry.…”

“…He reported several ''terrible'' explosions. [13] Later several binary metal fulminates were obtained from Hg(CNO) 2 and amalgams of Na, K, Mn, Cu, Tl, and Cd. [14] Liebig was very courageous in his studies with the highly explosive and sensitive silver fulminate and used rather large quantities.…”

“…He correctly formulated the products from the reaction of silver fulminate with, for example, CaO or KOH as double salts {in today's terminology (fulminato)metal complexes like K[Ag(CNO) 2 ]} and compared these compounds with (in our words) complexes of cyanide or of tartaric acid. Also the first experiments to analyze silver fulminate were carried out by Liebig, [12,13] for instance, using 100 g (!) of silver fulminate and 400 g of magnesia (MgO) in a retort.…”