Ueber die zum Funkenübergang in Luft, Wasserstoff und Kohlensäure bei verschiedenen Drucken erforderliche Potentialdifferenz

Paschen, F.

doi:10.1002/andp.18892730505

Cited by 804 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Paschen's law, derived in 1889 [1], is an equation that relates the sparking or breakdown voltage between two electrodes to the product of the ambient gas pressure, P, and the electrode separation, d. When the sparking voltage, Vs, is reached, a discharge occurs between the electrodes. Other constant parameters in Paschen's law are the ionization potential of the ambient gas, Vi, atmospheric pressure at sea level, Pa, molecular mean free path at sea level, L, and the secondary electron emission coefficient of the electrode material, .…”

Section: Theoretical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This equation was evaluated by wind tunnel experimentation whose results were consistent with the model hypothesis. We have developed a modified version of Paschen's law [1] that takes into account the flow of gas between electrically charged conductive electrodes. This work is applicable to aerospace vehicles traveling through the atmosphere where they are subject to triboelectrically induced electrostatic charge build-up and possible electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage due to dust and ice crystal impingement.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamic gas flow effects on the ESD of aerospace vehicle surfaces

Hogue

Cox

Mulligan

et al. 2018

Journal of Electrostatics

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Abstract-The purpose of this work is to develop a version of Paschen's Law that takes into account the flow of ambient gas past electrode surfaces. Paschen's Law does not consider the flow of gas past an aerospace vehicle, whose surfaces may be triboelectrically charged by dust or ice crystal impingement while traversing the atmosphere. The basic hypothesis of this work is that the number of electron-ion pairs created per unit distance between electrode surfaces is mitigated by the electron-ion pairs removed per unit distance by the flow of gas. The revised theoretical model must be a function of the mean velocity, vxm, of the ambient gas and reduce to Paschen's law when the gas mean velocity, vxm = 0. A new theoretical formulation of Paschen's Law, taking into account the Mach number and dynamic pressure, derived by the authors, will be discussed. This equation was evaluated by wind tunnel experimentation whose results were consistent with the model hypothesis.

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Section: Theoretical Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic gas flow effects on the ESD of aerospace vehicle surfaces

Hogue

Cox

Mulligan

et al. 2018

Journal of Electrostatics

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“…Physical conditions of glow discharge initiation are determined by the Paschen's law [1], which binds the discharge initiation voltage V B with the vapor pressure p and the distance between the electrodes d. The V B = f(p*d) relation is a curve indicating a specifi c minimum. Considering the mechanism of vapors ionization by Townsend regime, that is avalanche ionization due to inelastic collisions of the primary electrons with neutral gas molecules and wherein the generation of subsequent electrons occurs [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of magnetic energy on plasma localization during the glow discharge under reduced pressure

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In this work, we present the fi rst results of our research on the synergy of fi elds, electric and magnetic, in the initiation and development of glow discharge under reduced pressure. In the two-electrode system under reduced pressure, the breakdown voltage characterizes a minimum energy input of the electric fi eld to initiate and sustain the glow discharge. The glow discharge enhanced by the magnetic fi eld applied just above the surface of the cathode infl uences the breakdown voltage decreasing its value. The idea of the experiment was to verify whether the contribution of potential energy of the magnetic fi eld applied around the cathode is suffi ciently effective to locate the plasma of glow discharge to the grounded cathode, which, in fact, is the part of a vacuum chamber wall (the anode is positively biased in this case). In our studies, we used the grounded magnetron unit with positively biased anode in order to achieve favorable conditions for the deposition of thin fi lms on fi brous substrates such as fabrics for metallization, assuming that locally applied magnetic fi eld can effectively locate plasma. The results of our studies (Paschen curve with the participation of the magnetic fi eld) seem to confi rm the validity of the research assumption. What is the most spectacular -the glow discharge was initiated between introduced into the chamber anode and the grounded cathode of magnetron 'assisted' by the magnetic fi eld (discharge did not include the area of the anode, which is a part of the magnetron construction).

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“…It is well known that the voltage required to initiate breakdown of a gaseous DC discharge depends strongly on the pressure P multiplied by the distance D of the gap between the electrodes, PD, as described by Paschen's Law [2]. For a gas at atmospheric pressure, by limiting the interelectrode separation to a distance of less than a millimeter, it is possible to produce a stable 'normal-glow' microdischarge [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of breakdown threshold by metal nanoparticle seeding in a DC microdischarge

Sawyer¹,

Abboud²,

Adams³

2016

Nano Online

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Significant reduction of the breakdown threshold in a DC microdischarge via seeding metal nanoparticles has been demonstrated. Compared to standard Paschen curves in dry air, reductions in the breakdown voltage of 5% to 25% were obtained for PD values (the product of pressure and electrode gap distance) ranging from 20 to 40 Torr-cm by seeding aluminum and iron nanoparticles with mean sizes of 75 nm and 80 nm, respectively. No secondary energy source was required to achieve this breakdown threshold reduction. From high-speed chemiluminescence imaging of the discharge evolution, breakdown was shown to be initiated at reduced voltages. Following breakdown, the increase in temperature ignited some of the nanoparticles near the cathode. Results suggest that possible charging of the nanoparticles within the gap may reduce the effective transient distance, leading to the threshold reduction.

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Ueber die zum Funkenübergang in Luft, Wasserstoff und Kohlensäure bei verschiedenen Drucken erforderliche Potentialdifferenz

Cited by 804 publications

References 2 publications

Dynamic gas flow effects on the ESD of aerospace vehicle surfaces

Dynamic gas flow effects on the ESD of aerospace vehicle surfaces

The role of magnetic energy on plasma localization during the glow discharge under reduced pressure

Reduction of breakdown threshold by metal nanoparticle seeding in a DC microdischarge

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