Ultra-high-speed graphene optical modulator design based on tight field confinement in a slot waveguide

Kovačević, Goran; Phare, Christopher T.; Set, Sze Yun; Lipson, Michal; Yamashita, Shinji

doi:10.7567/apex.11.065102

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Adopting optimized contact strategies and engineered design, involving for example tight confinement in slot-waveguide, Graphene modulators can achieve modulation bandwidth above 100 GHz [35]- [37]. The modulator bandwidth may be also enhanced by adopting the use of travelling-wave electrodes, as already demonstrated with Si and III-V modulators [38]- [39].…”

Section: Slg On Si Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Graphene on Silicon Modulators

Sorianello

Contestabile

Romagnoli

2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Graphene is a 2D material with appealing electronic and optoelectronic properties. It is a zero-bandgap material with valence and conduction bands meeting in a single point (Dirac point) in the momentum space. Its conductivity can be changed by shifting the Fermi level energy via an external electric field. This important property determines broadband and tunable absorption at optical frequencies. Moreover, its conductivity is a complex quantity, i.e., Graphene exhibits both electro-absorption and electro-refraction tunability, and this is an intriguing property for photonic applications. For example, it can be combined as an active material for silicon waveguides to realize efficient detectors, switches, and modulators. In this article, we review our results in the field, focusing on graphene-based optical modulators integrated on Silicon photonic platforms. Results obtained in the fabrication of single and double-layer capacitive modulators are reported showing intensity and phase modulation, resilience of the generated signals to chromatic dispersion because of proper signal chirp and operation up to 50 Gb/s.

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Section: Slg On Si Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Graphene on Silicon Modulators

Sorianello

Contestabile

Romagnoli

2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…3, it can be assumed that low chemical potential and gate voltage have a linear relationship. Gate voltage and the Fermi energy of graphene are related through the formula [11]:…”

Section: Device Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the earlier graphene optical waveguides was purposed by Kovacevic et al [11], who reported the ultra-high-speed graphene optical modulator. This device consists of graphene on top of a slot silicon waveguide with a bandwidth exceeding 100 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer graphene on hBN substrate waveguide modulator

Zarepour

Abdipour

Moradi

2020

IET Optoelectronics

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A multilayer graphene-based optical modulator is proposed in this study. The structure is made of several layers of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), working at 193 to 200 THz (1.5 to 1.55 µm) band. In this modulator, the electric field passes through graphene layers instead of passing through the silicon waveguide, causing very low insertion losses about 4 × 10 −3 dB for 40 µm long device. It is shown that the transverse magnetic mode has a more efficient propagation in the modulator. Due to the passage of light from graphene layers and the graphene's optical characteristics, light transmission can be controlled with less variation in gate voltage, and it has the better switching performance concerning monolayer, bilayer and diagonal graphene optical modulators.

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“…For the optical communication wavelength range of 1550 nm, a graphene layer with the chemical potential µC below about 0.5 eV introduces a very strong optical attenuation, while for µC > 0.5 eV the attenuation is low when the real part of the mode effective index is changed. In principle, a graphene layer can thus be utilized for both amplitude and phase electro-optic modulation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Interestingly, the phase modulation can be accompanied with coupling of the waveguide mode with surface plasmon modes supported by the graphene stripe ("graphene modes"), even at the telecommunication optical wavelength band around 1550 nm [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of waveguide mode and graphene plasmons

et al. 2021

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Photonic waveguides with graphene layers have been recently studied for their potential as fast and low-power electro-optic modulators with small footprints. We show that in the optical wavelength range of 1.55 μm, surface plasmons supported by the graphene layer with the chemical potential exceeding ~0.5 eV can couple with the waveguide mode and affect its propagation. This effect might be possibly utilized in technical applications as a very low-power amplitude modulation, temperature sensing, etc.

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Ultra-high-speed graphene optical modulator design based on tight field confinement in a slot waveguide

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Graphene on Silicon Modulators

Graphene on Silicon Modulators

Multilayer graphene on hBN substrate waveguide modulator

Coupling of waveguide mode and graphene plasmons

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