Ultra Sensitive Nonlinear Fiber Optics-Based Refractive Index Sensor Using Degenerate Four Wave Mixing Technique in Photonic Crystal Fiber

Nallusamy, Nagarajan; Yamunadevi, R.; Raja, R. Vasantha Jayakantha; Raj, G. Joshva

doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2848651

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The performance of this method is based on the shift of generated sidebands when the effective refractive index of the sensor is changed. Recently, Recently, MI-based biological, temperature, strain and refractive index sensors are presented [31][32][33][34][35][36]. On the other hand, in high-speed communications, wide bandwidth devices have usually been a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-clad optical fiber design for ultra-wideband modulation instability

Madani¹,

Bahrami²,

Rostami³

2022

Phys. Scr.

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Developments of electro-optic (EO) modulators do not have a satisfactory pace and bandwidth restrictions are still limited to several hundred GHz, thus, obtaining methods that enable using broadband optical channels are key factors in high-speed optical communications. In this paper, Modulation Instability (MI) as an approach in order to improve the performance of EO modulators, is investigated in the anomalous and zero-dispersion regimes of proposed optical fiber. In present conventional optical fibers, MI is observed over a few hundred gigahertz bandwidths at low pump power. In order to obtain ultra-wideband (a few Terahertz) bandwidths and maximum gain in the MI process at low pump power, a new structure for optical fiber is proposed. The genetic algorithm is utilized for performance optimization in optical fiber design. It is shown that the proposed optical fiber is able to support MI for a few Terahertz bands at low pump power (100mW). Furthermore, in this analysis, it is demonstrated that higher-order dispersion terms have a strong impact on modulation instability. Finally, it is concluded that the geometrical and optical parameters of optical fiber are key factors to control modulation instability parameters (gain and bandwidth). The proposed optical fiber can be used as an optical booster in order to compensate frequency response of EO modulators, which is a considerable step forward in high-speed optical communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-clad optical fiber design for ultra-wideband modulation instability

Madani¹,

Bahrami²,

Rostami³

2022

Phys. Scr.

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“…Four-wave mixing (FWM), as an intermodulation phenomenon in nonlinear optics, is an alternative method to enhance the temperature-sensing sensitivity [10][11][12]. FWM originates from third-order nonlinear polarization of light and has been widely applied in fields, including wavelength division multiplexing [13,14], magnetic field sensing [15], strain sensing [16,17], and generation of a supercontinuum spectrum [18,19], to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Investigation of an Alcohol-Filled Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing

Sun

Yan

Wang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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For this study, a temperature sensor utilizing a novel tellurite photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed. In order to improve the sensor sensitivity, alcohol is filled in the air holes of the tellurite PCF. Based on the degenerate four-wave mixing theory, temperature sensing in the mid-infrared region (MIR) can be achieved by detecting the wavelength shift of signal waves and idler waves during variations in temperature. Simulation results show that at a pump wavelength of 3550 nm, the temperature sensitivity of this proposed sensor can be as high as 0.70 nm/°C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to propose temperature sensing in the MIR by drawing on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a non-silica PCF.

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“…Therefore, the optical fiber sensors can be applied in inflammable, explosive, high temperature, high humidity, high pressure, strong electromagnetic interference and space constrained environments. Many attempts have been made to study fiber-based refractive index sensors, such as fiber grating, 1) fiber directional coupler, 2) fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers, 3) four-wave mixing, 4) surface plasmon resonance, 5) SMS fiber structure, 6) and taper fiber. 7) There are many micron-sized air holes in the cross section of photonic crystal fiber which allows the integration of the microfluidic materials for sensing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive index sensor of a photonic crystal fiber Sagnac interferometer based on variable polarization states

Liu

Xin

2019

Appl. Phys. Express

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Micron-sized holes distributed in the cross section of photonic crystal fibers allow the integration of the microfluidic analyte and fiber which makes it possible for rapid and effective chemical analysis. The innovation of this paper is that the polarization states of the fiber modes vary with the wavelength. The polarization directions of the two polarized modes are nearly 45 degrees with the horizontal direction at a certain wavelength, then the resonance wavelength will appear by a fiber Sagnac interferometer. The average sensitivity is up to −19040 nm/RIU as the refractive index of the microfluidic analyte varies from 1.33 to 1.37.

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Ultra Sensitive Nonlinear Fiber Optics-Based Refractive Index Sensor Using Degenerate Four Wave Mixing Technique in Photonic Crystal Fiber

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Multi-clad optical fiber design for ultra-wideband modulation instability

Multi-clad optical fiber design for ultra-wideband modulation instability

Theoretical Investigation of an Alcohol-Filled Tellurite Photonic Crystal Fiber Temperature Sensor Based on Four-Wave Mixing

Refractive index sensor of a photonic crystal fiber Sagnac interferometer based on variable polarization states

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