Ultra Sensitive, Specific Method for Cyanide Using <i>p</i>-Nitrobenzaldehyde and <i>o</i>-Dinitrobenzene.

Guilbault, G. G.; Kramer, David N.

doi:10.1021/ac60239a009

Cited by 94 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cyanide was analyzed using a colorimetric assay that relied on the catalytic regeneration of cyanide to enhance sensitivity (11). To 200 ,uL of cyanide-containing solution in 0.1 N NaOH, 400 uL each of 0.1 M o-dinitrobenzene and 0.2 M pnitrobenzaldehyde (both dissolved in ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) was added.…”

Section: Cyanide Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Endogenous Cyanide, β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Activity, and Ethylene Evolution in Seedlings of Soybean and Barley

Tittle¹,

Goudey²,

Spencer³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Cyanide Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Endogenous Cyanide, β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Activity, and Ethylene Evolution in Seedlings of Soybean and Barley

Tittle¹,

Goudey²,

Spencer³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…HCN produced by bacteria was measured used a method modified from that of Guilbaul and Kramer (13). Bacteria were grown in three-compartment dishes on LB agar as described above.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile-Mediated Killing of Arabidopsis thaliana by Bacteria Is Mainly Due to Hydrogen Cyanide

Blom

Fabbri

Eberl

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

143

108

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The volatile-mediated impact of bacteria on plant growth is well documented, and contrasting effects have been reported ranging from 6-fold plant promotion to plant killing. However, very little is known about the identity of the compounds responsible for these effects or the mechanisms involved in plant growth alteration. We hypothesized that hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a major factor accounting for the observed volatile-mediated toxicity of some strains. Using a collection of environmental and clinical strains differing in cyanogenesis, as well as a defined HCN-negative mutant, we demonstrate that bacterial HCN accounts to a significant extent for the deleterious effects observed when growing Arabidopsis thaliana in the presence of certain bacterial volatiles. The environmental strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PUPa3 was less cyanogenic and less plant growth inhibiting than the clinical strain P. aeruginosa PAO1. Quorumsensing deficient mutants of C. violaceum CV0, P. aeruginosa PAO1, and P. aeruginosa PUPa3 showed not only diminished HCN production but also strongly reduced volatile-mediated phytotoxicity. The double treatment of providing plants with reactive oxygen species scavenging compounds and overexpressing the alternative oxidase AOX1a led to a significant reduction of volatile-mediated toxicity. This indicates that oxidative stress is a key process in the physiological changes leading to plant death upon exposure to toxic bacterial volatiles.Bacteria interact with plants in many different ways. Over the past few years, the significance of volatile compounds as mediators of bacterium-plant interactions has become increasingly evident (14,18,33,46,50,54). Using compartmental petri dish assays with a bacterial culture on one side and Arabidopsis plants on the other, bacterial volatiles have been shown to either promote the growth of plants (14,36) or to reduce it (16,18,43,46). Despite the strong effects observed, very little is known at present about the identity of the compounds involved in this volatile-mediated impact of bacteria on plants. In addition to carbon dioxide (17), 2,3-butanediol and its precursor acetoin are, to our knowledge, the only organic volatiles which have been put forward as candidates to explain the beneficial effects of bacterial volatiles on plants (14,36). Likewise, the compounds responsible for the "killing" effect of some bacterial strains on Arabidopsis thaliana are yet to be discovered.In the course of a study to assess the volatile-mediated impact of a collection of rhizosphere bacterial isolates on the model plant A. thaliana, we observed contrasting effects, ranging from 6-fold growth promotion to plant killing. We noticed that the most virulent strains were known producers of hydrogen cyanide (e.g., Pseudomonas or Chromobacterium species). We therefore hypothesized that hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a potent inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase and of other metalcontaining enzymes, might be responsible for the observed plant-killing effects.Few bacterial species are known to produc...

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“…The result of such electron density redistribution in p-NBAC results is that 4,4'-dinitrobenzoine was not observed in the products of the reaction between cyanide ions and p-NBA by the benzoine condensation mechanism [14]. It was found in some works that p-NBAC has strong reducing properties, which was used for explaining its catalytic properties in some redox reactions [2,16,17]. At the same time, nitro anion-radicals are known to react with oxygen with the formation of superoxide radicals [18][19][20][21]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence Determination of Cyanide Ions

et al. 2005

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Hydrocyanic acid, cyanides, and numerous nitrile derivatives are produced on a large scale and used in different fields of human activities in spite of their high environmental threat [1][2][3][4].Several chemical and physicochemical methods were proposed for the environmental control of hydrocyanic acid and its salts [5][6][7][8][9]. However, the development of rapid, sensitive, selective, and convenient methods has remained an issue of the day.Chemiluminescence analysis best meets the requirements for the determination procedure and apparatus [10]. An indicator system based on 3-aminophthalic acid hydrazide (luminol) is used in chemiluminescence analysis. In alkaline solutions, luminol strongly luminesces under the action of radical oxidants [11,12].We have observed the rapid development of the intense chemiluminescence of luminol in alkaline solutions in the presence of cyanide ions, p-nitrobenzaldehyde ( p-NBA), and hemin. This phenomenon was used for developing a procedure for the quantitative chemiluminescence determination of cyanide ions. EXPERIMENTAL Reagents.Chemically pure 3-aminophthelic acid hydrazide (luminol) was purified by double recrystallization from conc. HCl (GOST 3118-67). p-Nitrobenzaldehyde (GOST 14049-68) was doubly recrystallized from 40% ethanol. Reagent-grade hemin (Biokhimreactiv), analytical-grade EDTA disodium salt dihydrate (GOST 10652-63), ethanol (TU 19 P-39-69) purified by distillation, analytical-grade KOH (GOST 4203-65), and analytical-grade KCN (MRTU 6-09-3799-67) containing 98.9% KCN were used. Water was doubly distilled in a Pyrex distillation unit. Apparatus. The integral luminescence intensity of luminol in a solution was recorded on a Lik chemiluminescence analyzer for liquids (certificate no. 14437/270303, State Register no. 24512-03). A portable version of the analyzer with 220-V line supply and Lenpipetten DP-1 (200 µ L) and Justor 1100 (200-1000 µ L) Nichiryo samplers was used. Procedure for determining cyanide ions. Reagent solutions. To prepare a mixed luminol reagent, 0.1 g of luminol, 0.5 g of EDTA disodium salt (to mask transition metal ions), and 20 mL of ethanol were dissolved in 1.0 L of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of KOH. An ethanolic solution of p-NBA (10 mg/mL), a 0.01 M KOH solution, and a hemin solution (0.025 mg/mL) in 0.01 M KOH were used. A standard solution scale in the range from 10 -2 to 10 -7 mg/mL CN -was prepared from a solution of KCN (0.1 mg/mL CN -) in 0.01 M KOH using successive dilutions.Determination of cyanide ions in the range from 5 ¥ 10 -3 to 5 ¥ 10 -5 mg/mL. The luminol reagent (0.2 mL), 0.1 mL of a p-NBA solution, and 0.1 mL of a hemin solution were successively placed in the cell of the Lik analyzer. The microammeter readings corresponding to background luminescence due to the addition of hemin were compensated with an adjustable resistor. A sample solution (0.1 mL) was introduced, and a stopwatch was started simultaneously. The chemiluminescence intensity was recorded after 60 s. Blank experiments were conducted, in which 0.1 mL of 0....

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Ultra Sensitive, Specific Method for Cyanide Using p-Nitrobenzaldehyde and o-Dinitrobenzene.

Cited by 94 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Endogenous Cyanide, β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Activity, and Ethylene Evolution in Seedlings of Soybean and Barley

Effect of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Endogenous Cyanide, β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Activity, and Ethylene Evolution in Seedlings of Soybean and Barley

Volatile-Mediated Killing of Arabidopsis thaliana by Bacteria Is Mainly Due to Hydrogen Cyanide

Chemiluminescence Determination of Cyanide Ions

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