Ultra violet filters in the urine of preschool children and drinking water

Li, Na; Ho, Wingkei; Wu, Rudolf S.S.; Tsang, Eric Pokeung; Ying, Guang‐Guo; Deng, Wenjing

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105246

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Therefore, the concentration of BP-2 in the samples will not be further discussed for comparisons in the following sections. UV filters were previously found at high detection frequencies in human breast tissue, urine, ,− serum, and nails . The total UV filter concentrations in the milk samples ranged from 78 ng/g lw (for Laizhou in Shandong Province) to 846 ng/g lw (for Ningbo in Zhejiang Province), and the mean was 235 ± 120 ng/g lw.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Concentrations, Compound Profiles, and Possible Sources of Organic UV Filters in Human Milk in China

Liu

Gao

Qiao

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ultraviolet (UV) filters are of great concern due to their wide occurrence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Little is known about human exposure to UV filters. A total of 3467 individual human milk samples from 24 Chinese provinces were collected during 2017–2019. The concentrations of 12 UV filters in 100 pooled milk samples were determined. The total UV filter concentration was 78–846 (mean 235 ± 120) ng/g lipid weight. The highest and lowest total mean concentrations were for samples from Qinghai and Sichuan provinces, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between UV radiation levels and UV concentrations in the samples. The dominant UV filters were 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-P) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), which contributed means of 32 and 22%, respectively, to the total concentrations. Plastic products and sunscreens were probably the sources of UV-P and EHMC in the human milk from China, respectively. The mean 2-(3,5-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole (UV-328) concentration was 2.6 ± 2.6 ng/g lipid weight. The UV filter profiles were similar to profiles for samples from Japan, the Philippines, and Switzerland but not for samples from Korea and Vietnam. The estimated daily UV filter intake for breastfed infants was below the corresponding reference dose. This was the first large-scale study of UV filters in human milk and will help assess the risks posed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Concentrations, Compound Profiles, and Possible Sources of Organic UV Filters in Human Milk in China

Liu

Gao

Qiao

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The widespread use of BPs in consumer products, especially sunscreens and other PCPs, contributes to a significant source of human exposure [ 9 , 61 ], in addition to their use in clothing and textiles [ 9 ]. Studies have also reported the occurrence of BPs in drinking water [ 40 ], seafood [ 62 , 63 ], and packaged foods [ 64 ]. Furthermore, indoor air and indoor dust can contribute to inhalation exposure of BPs [ 39 , 65 ].…”

Section: Exposure Sources and Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that BPs are present in surface water [ [77] , [78] , [79] ], groundwater [ 80 , 81 ], distilled water [ 40 ], bottled water [ 82 ], and tap water [ 40 , 83 ]. Surface water and groundwater can be contaminated with BPs through human activities and sewage discharges.…”

Section: Exposure Sources and Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters

Yao,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Eco-Environment & Health

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“…Effects of the silica–cementitious ratio (s/c) on the pore size distribution, mechanical strength, pure water flux (PWF), and porosity of the membrane were investigated to obtain the optimal membrane conditions. Benzophenone-4 (BP-4) is one of the most widely used UV filters [ 3 ]; it is added to sunscreen, lotion, lipstick, and other personal care products (PCPs) [ 19 ] and is frequently detected in aquatic environments [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, nitrobenzene [ 23 ], p -chlorophenol ( p -CP) [ 24 ], p -chloronitrobenzene ( p -CNB) [ 25 ], and p-chlorobenzoic acid ( p -CBA) [ 26 ] are common organic pollutants as pesticides, dye intermediates, etc., widely used in human activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Cementitious Microfiltration Membrane and Its Catalytic Ozonation for the Removal of Small Molecule Organic Pollutants

et al. 2021

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In this study, a low-cost cementitious microfiltration membrane (CM) with a catalytic ozone oxidation function for the removal of organic pollutants was fabricated by using cementitious and C-10 μm silica powders at a certain silica–cementitious particle ratio (s/c). The effect of the s/c on the pore size distribution and mechanical strength of the membrane was investigated. The membrane pore size showed a bimodal distribution, and the higher the s/c, the closer the second peak was to the accumulated average particle size of silica. The increase in the s/c led to a decrease in the bending strength of the membrane. The cross-sectional morphology by SEM and crystal structure by XRD of CMs confirmed that a calcium silicate hydrate gel was generated around the silica powder to improve the mechanical strength of the CM. Considering the bending strength and pore size distribution of CMs, s/c = 0.5 was selected as the optimal membrane fabrication condition. The FT-IR results characterizing the surface functional groups of CMs were rich in surface hydroxyl groups with the ability to catalyze ozone oxidation for organic pollutant removal. Six small molecule organic pollutants were selected as model compounds for the efficiency experiments via a CM–ozone coupling process to prove the catalytic property of the CM. The CM has an alkaline buffering effect and can stabilize the initial pH of the solution in the catalytic ozonation process. The reuse experiments of the CM–ozone coupling process demonstrated the broad spectrum of the CM catalytic performance and self-cleaning properties. The results of this study provide the basis and experimental support to expand the practical application of CMs.

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Ultra violet filters in the urine of preschool children and drinking water

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Concentrations, Compound Profiles, and Possible Sources of Organic UV Filters in Human Milk in China

Concentrations, Compound Profiles, and Possible Sources of Organic UV Filters in Human Milk in China

A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters

Fabrication of Cementitious Microfiltration Membrane and Its Catalytic Ozonation for the Removal of Small Molecule Organic Pollutants

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