“…2D layered materials like MoS 2 , graphene, Bi 2 Te 3 , and Bi 2 Se 3 , have been intensively investigated and shown promising applications in a variety of disciplines. [17][18][19] Topological insulator (TI) based materials show exotic electronic properties with an insulating bulk gap and gapless edge surface states, 20 and have potential applications in optoelectronics, 21 spintronics, thin-film-based tunable terahertz absorption, TI-based terahertz modulators, terahertz detectors, and terahertz generation. 20,[22][23][24] A field effect transistor (FET) based on 3D TI nanowires outperforms typical semiconductor nanowire transistors in terms of performance.…”