Ultrasensitive detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents by low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

Sun, Wanqi; Liang, Miao; Li, Zhen; Shu, Jinian; Yang, Bo; Xu, Chun; Zou, Yao

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.025

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…During our literature search on PI, we were surprised to find as many as seven articles on applications of PI published in international scientific journals in 2015–2016 [4–10]. Among these reports, various combinations of PI with atmospheric pressure MS [6, 7, 9] and with low-pressure MS [4, 10] were reported to provide extremely high sensitivity. It appears that PI technology is now under rapid development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 62 synthetic cannabinoids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with photoionization

2016

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in electron ionization (EI) mode is one of the most commonly used techniques for analysis of synthetic cannabinoids, because the GC–EI-MS spectra contain characteristic fragment ions for identification of a compound; however, the information on its molecular ions is frequently lacking. To obtain such molecular ion information, GC–MS in chemical ionization (CI) mode is frequently used. However, GC–CI-MS requires a relatively tedious process using reagent gas such as methane or isobutane. In this study, we show that GC–MS in photoionization (PI) mode provided molecular ions in all spectra of 62 synthetic cannabinoids, and 35 of the 62 compounds showed only the molecular radical cations. Except for the 35 compounds, the PI spectra showed very simple patterns with the molecular peak plus only a few fragment peak(s). An advantage is that the ion source for GC–PI-MS can easily be used for GC–EI-MS as well. Therefore, GC–EI/PI-MS will be a useful tool for the identification of synthetic cannabinoids contained in a dubious product. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use GC–PI-MS for analysis of synthetic cannabinoids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of 62 synthetic cannabinoids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with photoionization

2016

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“…This is why the detection of these compounds has been the aim of an increasing literature over the last years. The organophosphorous chemical warfare agents can be detected with a lot of technologies like gas chromatography [2,3], ion-mobility spectrometry [4], molecular imprinted polymer [5], MEMS [6], and microcantilevers [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we explain and describe the entire procedure that we developed to nanostructure individual cantilevers. Microcantilevers were exposed to different vapors concentrations of an often used organophosphorous chemical warfare agent simulant, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), in order to evaluate the sensitivity [3,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Organophosphorous Chemical Agents with CuO-Nanorod-Modified Microcantilevers

Schlur

Agostini

Thomas

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Microcantilevers are really promising sensitive sensors despite their small surface. In order to increase this surface and consequently their sensitivity, we nanostructured them with copper oxide (CuO) nanorods. The synthesis of the nanostructure consists of the oxidation of a copper layer deposited beforehand on the surface of the sample. The oxidation is performed in an alkaline solution containing a mixture of Na(OH) and (NH4)2S2O8. The synthesis procedure was first optimized on a silicon wafer, then transferred to optical cantilever-based sensors. This transfer requires specific synthesis modifications in order to cover all the cantilever with nanorods. A masking procedure was specially developed and the copper layer deposition was also optimized. These nanostructured cantilevers were engineered in order to detect vapors of organophosphorous chemical warfare agents (CWA). The nanostructured microcantilevers were exposed to various concentration of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) which is a well-known simulant of sarin (GB). The detection measurements showed that copper oxide is able to detect DMMP via hydrogen interactions. The results showed also that the increase of the microcantilever surface with the nanostructures improves the sensors efficiency. The evolution of the detection performances of the CuO nanostructured cantilevers with the DMMP concentration was also evaluated.

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“…Due to the importance of rapid, automatic, and non-contact detection of explosives for homeland security and environmental safety [8], a variety of spectroscopic technologies have been employed to detect trace quantities of explosives; for example, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy [9,10], laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [11,12,13,14,15,16], Raman spectroscopy [17,18,19,20,21,22], ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [23,24,25,26], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [27,28,29,30], nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) [31,32,33], laser-induced thermal emissions (LITE) [34,35], infrared (IR) spectroscopy [36,37,38], mass spectrometry [39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46], optical emission spectroscopy (OES) [47,48], photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS) [49,50,51], photoacoustic techniques [52,53,54], FT-FIR spectroscopy [55], microwave [56], and millimeter-wave [57], etc. Various electromagnetic radiations such as X-ray [58] and γ rays [59] have also been employed in explosive detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Spectroscopic Techniques for the Detection of Explosives

et al. 2018

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Trace detection of explosives has been an ongoing challenge for decades and has become one of several critical problems in defense science; public safety; and global counter-terrorism. As a result, there is a growing interest in employing a wide variety of approaches to detect trace explosive residues. Spectroscopy-based techniques play an irreplaceable role for the detection of energetic substances due to the advantages of rapid, automatic, and non-contact. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the advances made over the past few years in the fields of the applications of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy; and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for trace explosives detection. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of various spectroscopy-based detection techniques are summarized. Finally, the future development for the detection of explosives is discussed.

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Ultrasensitive detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents by low-pressure photoionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Analysis of 62 synthetic cannabinoids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with photoionization

Analysis of 62 synthetic cannabinoids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with photoionization

Detection of Organophosphorous Chemical Agents with CuO-Nanorod-Modified Microcantilevers

Recent Developments in Spectroscopic Techniques for the Detection of Explosives

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