Ultrasensitive detection of inhaled organic aerosol particles by accelerator mass spectrometry

Ultrafine organic aerosol particles inhaled by mice at low doses remain in lungs more than half a year

“…All stages of the synthesis are described in our previous work . The procedure was the following: 5 mL of 14 CH 3 OH (JSC Isotope, Russia) with activity 40 MBq, diluted with 43 mL of unlabeled methyl alcohol 12 CH 3 OH (>99%, Acros Organics), was added to the 225.6 g of p‐toluenesulfonyl chloride (99%, Acros Organics).…”

“…The dynamic diameter of the PS beads in aqueous latex was determined by Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS. The radiochemical yield of intermediates of the experimental procedure has been presented in our previous work …”

“…For this purpose, we used polystyrene (PS) beads that have been synthesized from styrene labeled with 14 C. This carbon isotope is often used for labeling the functional groups of PS, resulted in the low label concentration related to PS mass and in the necessity to use high doses of particles since the detection is usually carried out by scintillation counting . We implemented the simple way of 14 C‐styrene synthesis from 14 C‐methanol with high yield, followed by emulsion polymerization with 14 C‐PS beads production . Then, 14 C‐aerosol was obtained and tested on mice in low‐dose inhalation.…”

“…1 Earlier, we have presented a simple way for model organic particle detection at ultra-small doses of shortduration inhalation that most closely reflect the ambient exposure levels. 38 For this purpose, we used polystyrene (PS) beads that have been synthesized from styrene labeled with 14 C. This carbon isotope is often used for labeling the functional groups of PS, resulted in the low label concentration related to PS mass and in the necessity to use high doses of particles since the detection is usually carried out by scintillation counting. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] We implemented the simple way of 14 C-styrene synthesis from 14 C-methanol with high yield, followed by emulsion polymerization with 14 C-PS beads production.…”

“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] We implemented the simple way of 14 C-styrene synthesis from 14 C-methanol with high yield, followed by emulsion polymerization with 14 C-PS beads production. 38 Then, 14 C-aerosol was obtained and tested on mice in low-dose inhalation. To detect ultra-low doses of 14 C in different organs, we used an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) 39 with the simplified way of preliminary tissue probe graphitization.…”