bonding of transition metal and chalcogen atom and their crystal structure. Interestingly, all these compounds exist as layered material except tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) whose hydrated crystal (WO 3 .H 2 O) is layered in nature. [2,3] Each of these chalcogenides possesses unique features. Several micro and nanostructures of these chalcogenides have been synthesized in literature for various applications including gas sensors, biosensors, batteries, supercapacitor, photoelectrochemical and electrochromic devices. However, this review article will focus on gas sensing applications of these materials.Gas sensors play a crucial role in our life as they find applications ranging from monitoring indoor air quality to detecting highly toxic gases. Two important components of a gas sensing device are receptor and transducer. The receptor enables the chemical interaction with the target analyte molecule, which is further converted into analytical signal by the transducer. There are several transduction techniques available in gas sensing based on the physical or chemical change being measured. Broadly, they can be classified into six different classes based on sensing principles which is listed in Table 1.Chemiresistive devices have several advantages over other existing techniques. For example, the structure of these types of devices is very simple and it can be integrated with the current complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Even though, several advances have been made over last few years to improve sensing performance, the search for reliable and repeatable gas sensing element is an ongoing endeavor with lots of expectation from tungsten and molybdenum chalcogenides.After the rise of graphene, other layered materials have emerged as important functional materials for various applications of highest scientific values. Among these, layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have a special presence as they cover whole class of materials, i.e., ranging from pure insulators to true metals. W and Mo chalcogenides are mostly semiconducting in ambient conditions and therefore, suitable for electronic application such as chemiresistive gas sensors. Though, layered TMDs (MX 2 M = Mo, and W and X = S, Se, and Te) have evolved expeditiously in a very short time, we simply cannot ignore metal oxide (particularly Mo-and W-based Chalcogens are oxygen family elements with oxygen having distinct properties than the other group members like sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. Tungsten and molybdenum chalcogenides that include mainly metal oxides (MO 3 ; M = Mo, and W) and metal dichalcogenides (MX 2 ; X = S, Se, and Te) are the most exciting class of inorganic materials. They have been widely investigated in various applications including lithium and sodium ion storage, supercapacitors, gas sensors, biosensors etc. due to their fascinating surface properties and ease of fabrication. Different class of nanostructures including 0D (nanoparticles, quantum dots), 1D (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanobelts etc.), a...