Ultrasonic quantification of osseous displacements resulting from skin surface indentation loading of bovine para-spinal tissue

The Reliability of a Posterior-to-Anterior Spinal Stiffness Measuring System in a Population of Patients With Low Back Pain

“…The addition by Kawchuk et al 26 of an ultrasonic transducer to measure soft tissue thickness during PA testing should enable accurate measurement of both soft tissue compression and bony movement. Another method that may hold promise is to measure the displacement of the skin surface adjacent to the SP that is being depressed, but outside the zone where direct loading is compressing the soft tissue.…”

“…Such devices are considered capable of accurately measuring spinal load displacement properties. 26 Furthermore, spinal stiffness has been found to be related to changes in LBP. Even though patients could not be discriminated from pain-free controls based on PAS, patients did show an average 8% decrease in PAS when they were retested at a time when their pain was decreased.…”

The Accuracy of Ultrasonic Indentation in Detecting Simulated Bone Displacement: A Comparison of Three Techniques

“…Instead of restricting the range of applied loads to a tissue of interest, our approach was to develop a technique that could be applied without assumptions about target mobility. 49,50 Therefore, this study was performed to establish the accuracy of various techniques in measuring bony displacement, which may occur during ultrasonic indentation of soft tissues.…”

Ultrasound elastomicroscopy using water beam indentation: preliminary study

“…A flat-ended ultrasound transducer is used as indenter, meanwhile it can estimate the indentation depth and tissue thickness by the time delay of the ultrasound echoes reflected from the interested soft tissues. The accuracy of ultrasonically derived measures of displacement during indentation has been investigated [25]. Compared with other methodology in tissue thickness measurement, like using optical [26] and needle probe [4], ultrasound-based techniques have been proved to be most suitable for in vivo tissue thickness measurement because of its noninvasiveness.…”

“…Compared with other methodology in tissue thickness measurement, like using optical [26] and needle probe [4], ultrasound-based techniques have been proved to be most suitable for in vivo tissue thickness measurement because of its noninvasiveness. Ultrasound indentation is easy to use for in vivo stiffness measurement, and it has been widely used for assessment of residual limb tissues, diabetic foot tissue, fibrotic neck tissue with radiotherapy, and spinal tissues [25][26][27][28][29][30]. It has also been demonstrated that the proposed ultrasound indentation technique can be used to accurately identify the abnormality of articular cartilage [21,31].…”