Ultrasonographic features of aggressive primary thyroid diffuse B-cell lymphoma: A report of two cases

Abstract

Abstract. Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a relatively rare malignant tumor. Aggressive PTL is extremely rare, and there is limited literature regarding the imaging features of PTL with invasion into adjacent structures, including internal jugular vein, muscles, esophagus, trachea and carotid artery. In addition, the ultrasonographic features of the cases presented in the current report differ from those reported in previous studies. In the present study, two cases of PTL, who presented to The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Wuhu, China) with a short history of a rapidly growing mass in the front of their neck, are reported. Both patients had undergone ultrasound examination, and the subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed that the two masses were primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The ultrasonographic findings of these two cases are discussed in the present report.

Multimodal Sonographic Appearance and Survival Outcomes of 69 Cases of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma Over 10 Years

“…28 One case report indicated that aggressive PTL showed twisted blood flow signals and a nonuniform distribution, coincident with malignant tumors. 29 However, in our study, nodular blood flow signals in aggressive PTL exhibited higher grades (usually 2-3) than indolent PTL (generally 0-2). Blood flow signals, which we observed in ultrasound reports and images, were more common and frequently used in ultrasound diagnoses.…”

“…Wang et al reported that PTL exhibited characteristic sonographic and Doppler flow features which showed central blood flow patterns highly suggestive of PTL, rather than nodular goiter 28 . One case report indicated that aggressive PTL showed twisted blood flow signals and a nonuniform distribution, coincident with malignant tumors 29 . However, in our study, nodular blood flow signals in aggressive PTL exhibited higher grades (usually 2–3) than indolent PTL (generally 0–2).…”

Aggressive primary thyroid lymphoma invading the internal jugular vein: a case series

“…The literature on PTL involving adjacent tissues is relatively rare, and the literature on the invasion of the internal jugular vein is even more rare. The available literature most often reports on the encirclement of the internal jugular vein, with little direct evidence of the invasion of the lumen (2)(3)(4). We report on 3 cases of aggressive PTL, all of which invaded the internal jugular vein, and a tumor thrombus formed.…”

Extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck: a pictorial essay

“…It presents as a goiter, accompanied by pressure symptoms, and it is necessary to make a rapid, accurate diagnosis. The most common clinical presentation of thyroid lymphoma is a rapidly growing goiter and compressive symptoms, including dyspnea, stridor, hoarseness, and dysphagia ( 7 ) . The histological subtypes of thyroid lymphoma are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.…”