Ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method for simultaneous determination of anethole, estragole, and para-anisaldehyde in different plant extracts and human urine: a comparative study

Abstract

In this study, the performances of four ionic-liquid-based microextraction methods, ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME), ionic-liquid-based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (IL-USA-ME), temperature-controlled ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction (TC-IL-DLME), and ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic-liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction (USA-TC-IL-DLME), were investigated for extraction of three bioactive compounds (anethole, estragole, and anisaldehyde) from different plant extracts and human urine. Anethole and estragole were chosen because they can alter cellular processes positively or negatively, and an efficient method is needed for their extraction and sensitive determination in the samples mentioned. Because there is no previous report on the separation of anethole and estragole (structural isomers), first, simultaneous gradient elution and flow programming were used. The microextraction methods were then applied and compared for analysis of these compounds in plant extracts and human urine by use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of conditions on extraction efficiency was studied and under the optimum conditions, the best enrichment factors (58-64), limits of detection (14-18 ng mL(-1)), limits of quantification (47-60 ng mL(-1)), and recovery (94.4-101.7 %) were obtained by use of USA-TC-IL-DLME. The optimized conditions were used to determine anethole, estragole, and para-anisaldehyde in fennel, anise, and tarragon extracts and in human urine.

Organic solvent-free air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction for optimized extraction of illegal azo-based dyes and their main metabolite from spices, cosmetics and human bio-fluid samples in one step

“…The immiscibility of ILs in water and their capability to solubilize organic species has made them particularly suited to isolation and preconcentration of compounds from aqueous solutions, and so they have been a valuable alternative to the volatile organic solvents used in conventional liquid-based extraction processes [11][12][13].…”

Determination of Estragole in Pharmaceutical Products, Herbal Teas and Herbal Extracts Using GC-FID

“…Apiaceace) contains about 2-6 % volatile oil which contains transanethole and estragole, it is used in flavor foods, perfumes and at home to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms, flatulence, colic spasm and respiratory tract symptoms. It is widely used for making herbal liqueurs by distillation process (Rodríguez-Solana et al, 2014) Several methods have been developed for determination of estragole; Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and GC/MS method have been reported for quntification of estragole in commercial fennel herbal teas (Raffo et al, 2011). Soxhlet and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) have been used for extraction of essential oil from Fennel (Rodríguez-Solana et al, 2014).…”

“…It is widely used for making herbal liqueurs by distillation process (Rodríguez-Solana et al, 2014) Several methods have been developed for determination of estragole; Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and GC/MS method have been reported for quntification of estragole in commercial fennel herbal teas (Raffo et al, 2011). Soxhlet and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) have been used for extraction of essential oil from Fennel (Rodríguez-Solana et al, 2014). Solvent extraction using dichloromethane has been reported for extraction of estragole in Fennel tea followed by GC-MS analysis (Zeller and Rychlik 2006).…”

“…The effect of using different internal standards on the analytical method performance for estragole has been studied, results have concluded that using p-propyl anisole as an internal standard provided accurate results comparable to those obtained from other methods using stable isotopically labeled internal standard (Zeller et al, 2009). HPLC method using different microextraction procedures have been applied for extraction of estragole and other bioactive compounds from different plant extracts and human urine (Rajabi et al, 2014). GC-MS method has been developed and validated for determination of estragole and other flavoring compounds in semi-solid, dry solid, fatty solid and liquid food (Lopez et al, 2015).…”

Avaliação de microtécnicas de extração para análise de lamotrigina em plasma de pacientes epilépticos por eletroforese capilar

“…Além disso, a razão entre o volume de fase aceptora e de fase doadora é da ordem de microlitros e mililitros, respectivamente, o que permite a obtenção de altos valores de enriquecimento (REZAEI et al, 2008;ZANG et al, 2009;HUO et al, 2011). Após a formação do ponto nuvem é realizada a centrifugação, onde as microgotas do solvente extrator e analito são depositadas no fundo do tubo cônico, formando a fase sedimentada (C), que é retirada e analisada (D) (REZAEE, 2006;ZANG et al, 2009 (ALSHANA et al, 2013;RAJABI et al, 2014), todo o processo de extração é manual e a centrifugação é a etapa que demanda maior tempo no processo (REZAEI et al, 2008;FARAJZADEH et al, 2010;BERIJANI et al, 2006;ZAREI;GHOLAMIAN, 2011).…”