Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy

Kirk, E.

doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e31824e35fe

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…9 In our study too, ampullary site was the most common 12 (75%). Though unruptured isthmic pregnancy is rare, there are cases reported in Nepal with isthmic pregnancy upto 11 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Kaur¹,

Aryal²

2014

J Lumbini Med Coll

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ABSTRACT:Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a cause of pregnancy related mortality and its incidence is on the rise. The aim of modern management of ectopic pregnancy should be to diagnose ectopic pregnancy accurately, so that women can seek prompt diagnosis and treatment and optimize their future fertility. Methods: This prospective study was done for a period of one year in patients suspected clinically to have ectopic pregnancies which were subsequently confirmed by pregnancy test and ultrasonography (n=17). The following parameters: age and parity of the patient, relevant past medical and surgical history, significant clinical findings at presentation, management done and outcome of the management were noted. Results: Most patients 13 (76.47%) were in the age group of 20-25 years and 16 (94.11%) of them presented with acute pain abdomen. In all cases, emergency laparotomy was performed. There were 16 cases of tubal ectopic and one of ovarian pregnancy. Right side was affected in 14 (82.35%) cases including one right sided ovarian ectopic. Tubal rupture was found in 10 (58.82%) patients. The most common 12 (75%) site of tubal pregnancy was ampullary. Salpingectomy was performed in 14 (82.35%) cases. All patients were discharged by seventh postoperative day. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy can be suspected clinically by history and associated risk factors. Women presenting with acute pain abdomen with a positive urine β-hCG test should be promptly diagnosed and treated without undue delay to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Kaur¹,

Aryal²

2014

J Lumbini Med Coll

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“…However, the risk of ectopic pregnancy still remains, even when the hCG ratio is ≥2, as shown by 8.2% of those patients being diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy. The hCG ratio was greater in viable intrauterine pregnancy compared with nonviable intrauterine pregnancy (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). According to this study, there may not be a need for further investigation and follow-up if the hCG ratio is ≥2 and if the patient does not have clinical symptoms like vaginal bleeding and groin pain.…”

Section: Hcg Ratiomentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A differentiating feature is the location of the fluid. An early intrauterine sac is intradecidual and is therefore seen as an eccentrically placed hyperechoic ring within the endometrial cavity, whereas a pseudosac develops within the uterine cavity and lacks a welldefined rim of surrounding echoes (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy of unknown location

Boyraz

Bozdağ

2013

J Turkish German Gynecol Assoc

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Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is defined as the situation when the pregnancy test is positive but there are no signs of intrauterine pregnancy or an extrauterine pregnancy via transvaginal ultrasonography. It is not always possible to determine the location of the pregnancy in cases of PUL. The reported rate of PUL among women attending early pregnancy units varies between 5 and 42% in the literature and the frequency of PUL incidents has increased with the increase in the number of early pregnancy units. The management of PUL seems to be highly crucial in obstetrics clinics. Therefore, in the current review, issues identified from the literature related to pregnancy of unknown location, potential tools for prediction and algorithms will be discussed. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2013; 14: 104-8)

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“…Tubal ectopic pregnancies account for over 90% of ectopic pregnancies . The ultrasound features include:…”

Section: Ectopic Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transvaginal ultrasonography is now the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy . Using this approach over 70% of ectopic pregnancies may be diagnosed at the time of presentation and over 90% may be visualised once follow‐up scans have been performed .…”

Section: Ectopic Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of early pregnancy complications

Al‐Memar

Kirk

Bourne

2015

The Obstetric & Gynaecologis

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The diagnosis of miscarriage and management of pregnancy of uncertain viability.• Ultrasound features that increase the suspicion of pregnancy failure.• Ultrasound features of both tubal and non-tubal ectopic pregnancy.• Pregnancy of unknown location: how to stratify risk using serum biochemistry and prediction models. Learning objectives • To understand the role of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in early pregnancy and what should be expected of it.• To highlight the importance of safety and caution when using ultrasound in early pregnancy.• To understand the management options for a pregnancy of unknown location.• To clearly understand the criteria that must apply before a diagnosis of miscarriage can be made.• To know the ultrasound features of ectopic pregnancy and be aware of the risks of methotrexate treatment in the event of misdiagnosis. Ethical issues• Misdiagnosis of miscarriage. • Inappropriate use of methotrexate for treatment of presumed ectopic pregnancy.• Maintaining patient choice in relation to the management of miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy.

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Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Clinical Study of Ectopic Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Pregnancy of unknown location

The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of early pregnancy complications

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