Aim To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) managed at a single institution. Methods The hospital records of 17 patients with the diagnosis of ovarian SLCT between 1994 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results The median age of the patients was 30 years (range, 18–67 years). All the patients had unilateral tumors. All of the 17 were stage 1 tumors. Two (11.8%) patients were stage 1C1 and two (11.8%) patients were stage 1C2. Thirteen (76.5%) patients were stage 1A. Three (17.6%) of the tumors were well differentiated, 11 (64.7%) were intermediately differentiated, 1 (5.9%) was poorly differentiated, and the degree of the differentiation was not identified for 2 (11.8%) patients. One showed retiform pattern and one had heterologous elements at the histopathologic evaluation. Among the 17 patients, we identified structural/vascular renal and ureteral anomalies in 3 (17.6%) patients. Eight patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, seven underwent unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy or oophorectomy and two underwent cystectomy with or without additional surgical staging procedures. Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. All the 17 patients were alive and free of disease for 1–287 months after the diagnosis. Median follow‐up time was 78 months. None of the patients recurred. Conclusion Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian malignancies with low recurrence rates and have a favorable outcome compared to malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary. Main treatment is surgical resection and it is appropriate to prefer fertility sparing conservative surgeries for young patients.

Factor VII deficiency is a genetic disorder of coagulation and inherited as autosomal recessive. Although inherited disorders of coagulation are rare, Factor VII deficiency is the most common among them. Recurrent spontaneous abortions and plasental abruptions have been reported in the pregnant women with Factor VII deficiency. Due to ease of laboratory diagnosis, the clearity of the management and the treatment protocols, Factor VII deficiency should be kept in mind in patients with bleeding diathesis. In this report, we described a pregnant patient at her 29 th weeks of gestation presenting with complaint of vaginal bleeding, thereafter performance of an emergency cesarean section due to placental abruption. The management and the treatment of these patients were discussed.

Our trial supports that tumor size of more than 2 cm and LVSI are 2 independent factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with low-risk EC. Both factors can be used together to select patients with traditional low-risk histologic features who would absolutely benefit from lymph node dissection.

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of preoperative CA125 in extra-uterine disease and its association with poor prognostic factors in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC). Material and methods: A total of 423 patients with pathologically proven endometrioid-type EC were included in the study. The association between preoperative CA125 level and surgical-pathological factors was evaluated. The conventional cutoff value was defined as 35 IU/mL. Results: A high CA125 level (> 35 IU/mL) was significantly associated with all of the studied poor prognostic factors, except grade. The risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) increased from 15.9% to 45.7% when CA125 level was > 35 IU/mL (p < 0.05). The optimal cutoff value for the prediction of LNM in patients aged > 50 years was determined to be 16 IU/mL (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 71%, 60%, 35%, and 87%, respectively.) Conclusions: Preoperative CA125 level was significantly related with the extent of the disease and LNM. The age-dependent cutoff level of CA125 can improve the prediction of LNM in endometrioid-type EC. For older patients, CA125 level of > 16 IU/ml could be used to predict LNM. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate cutoff level of CA125 for younger patients.

Steroid cell tumors (SCTs) of the ovary are a rare subgroup of sex cord tumors, account for less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors, and also will present at any age. These tumors can produce steroids, especially testosterone, and may give symptoms like hirsutism, hair loss, amenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea. For the evaluation of androgen excess, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) are the first laboratory tests to be measured. A pelvic ultrasound and a magnetic resonance imaging are useful radiologic imaging techniques. Although steroid cell tumors are generally benign, there is a risk of malignant transformation and clinical malignant formation. Surgery is the most important and hallmark treatment.