Ultrasound variants of autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents and their clinical implication in relation to papillary thyroid carcinoma development

Januś, Dominika; Wójcik, Małgorzata; Drabik, Grażyna; Wyrobek, Łukasz; Starzyk, Jerzy

doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0758-z

Cited by 15 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, such a relationship between AIT and papillary, medullary, and anaplastic TC was not shown [21]. It has been observed that there is a correlation between a higher concentration of TSH and the frequency of f PTC in patients with AIT and nodular goitre [22].…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary thyroid cancer in three children

Szmit-Domagalska

Horodnicka‐Józwa

Petriczko

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Thyroid cancers (TC) are rare diseases in the pediatric population and represents 0.5-3% of all malignant tumors in children. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a major TC in children. Every patient under 18 years of age diagnosed with a thyroid nodule should undergo a detailed medical examination. The screening test for children with an increased risk for DTC is ultrasound examination of the neck. Both ultrasound and clinical images of a tissue lesion are more important than its size. It should also be emphasized that autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), a comorbid condition for TC, is increasingly often diagnosed in young patients. Because of the rare incidence of this kind of cancer, we present 3 case studies of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, hospitalized in the

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Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary thyroid cancer in three children

Szmit-Domagalska

Horodnicka‐Józwa

Petriczko

et al. 2019

pedm

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“…The sonographic appearance of lymphocytic thyroiditis varies, likely reflecting the phase and severity of the disease process [12]. In our previous work, we presented five ultrasonographic variants of autoimmune thyroiditis in children (in decreasing frequency): (1) the most common form of diffuse thyroiditis with a hypoechogenic background and normoechogenic parenchyma, (2) diffuse thyroiditis with an irregular background, (3) a nodular variant with a normoechogenic irregular background, (4) micronodulations, and (5) a variant with a diffuse hypoechogenic background [18]. We also reported that patients with the nodular AIT variant with a normoechogenic irregular background of the thyroid gland are at risk of developing PTC and should be followed up with regular neck ultrasound (US) assessments [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the general paediatric population, the incidence of thyroid nodules is 1–18% [19]. In AIT patients, the incidence of thyroid nodules is 13–30% [18–20]. The co-existence of AIT and PTC ranges between 6.3 and 43% depending on the patient population and continues to rise [18, 19, 21–25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-up of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with diffuse autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Januś

Wójcik

Taczanowska

et al. 2018

J Endocrinol Invest

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Purpose To present the outcomes of ultrasound (US) follow-ups in children with autoimmune thyroid disease who did not have a thyroid nodule on admission but developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to characterize the parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland prior to the development of PTC. Methods A retrospective thyroid US scan review of 327 patients diagnosed with AIT was performed. Forty patients (40/327, 12.2%) presented nodular AIT variant with a normoechogenic background. Eleven patients (11/327, 3.4%, 11/40, 27.5%) presenting this variant were diagnosed with PTC (nine females-mean age 15.3 years; two males aged 11 and 13 years). In five of 11 patients, the suspicious nodule that was later confirmed to be PTC was detected on the initial US at presentation. For the remaining six females (6/11) who developed PTC during the follow-up, we retrospectively analysed their US thyroid scans and these patients were selected for analysis in this study. Results On admission, the US evaluation revealed an enlarged normoechogenic thyroid gland in three patients and a hypoechogenic thyroid gland with fibrosis as indicated by irregular, chaotic hyperechogenic layers in three patients. No thyroid nodules were identified. Ultrasound monitoring revealed increasing echogenicity of the thyroid parenchyma during the follow-up. PTC developed in a mean time of 4.6 years (1 9/12-7 4/12 years) since referral to the outpatient thyroid clinic and 2.9 years (6/12-6 9/12) since the last nodule-free US thyroid scan. Conclusions Sonographic follow-up assessments warrant further exploration as a strategy to determine PTC susceptibility in the paediatric population.

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“…All the six studies included in the final analysis were retrospective. The 11 studies included a total number of 2,065 patients with HT, with individual study cohorts counting from 89 to 904 children [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following results were observed in 179 patients: hypoechogenic background and normoechogenic parenchyma (35.2%), thyroiditis with irregular background (30.2%), nodular variant with normoechogenic background (18.9%), micronodulations (11.7%) and diffuse hypoechogenic background (3.9%). Janus et al concluded that patients with AIT and nodular variant with normoechogenic irregular background of the thyroid gland on US scans are in the risk group of developing PTC and should be followed up with regular ultrasound investigations [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – a review of the literature between 2000 and 2020

Sur

Gaga

Lazăr

et al. 2020

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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ObjectivesThyroid cancer is the most common pediatric endocrine neoplasm representing 3% of all malignancies in children. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is also a common disorder in the pediatric age range. Patients with HT frequently develop enlarged thyroid with nodules. We aimed to provide a literature review on the frequency of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients with HT.ContentA literature search of the PubMed database between 2000 and 2020 was performed, using the relevant keywords “papillary thyroid carcinoma,” “Hashimoto’s thyroiditis” and “children”. We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines during the preparation of this review. Six studies (n=2,065 patients with HT) were retained for the final analysis. The follow-up of the patients with HT was from 2 to 10 years. PTC was diagnosed in 0.67–7.87% of the HT patients included in these studies. In patients with HT and nodules, the percentage of PTC varied between 5.13 and 35%. The overall occurrence of PTC in patients with HT was 3.07%.Summary and OutlookThe number of patients developing thyroid nodules in relation to HT was increased. The development of PTC in children with HT appeared to be higher than in the normal population.

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Ultrasound variants of autoimmune thyroiditis in children and adolescents and their clinical implication in relation to papillary thyroid carcinoma development

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Papillary thyroid cancer in three children

Papillary thyroid cancer in three children

Follow-up of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with diffuse autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis – a review of the literature between 2000 and 2020

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