Ultrastructure of human liver at the end of normal pregnancy

Pérez, Víctor Ulloa; S, Gorodisch; Casavilla, F; Maruffo, Cesar A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(71)90747-2

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For example, the liver is the ma jor site of metabolic conversion of various steroids [5,7], Despite the increased meta bolic load on the liver during pregnancy, the hepatic blood flow is unaltered [8][9][10]. Histo logically, no changes specific to pregnancy have been described [8,11], Common symp toms associated with liver dysfunction are jaundice, pruritus, anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting [12]. In some women, jaundice oc curs during the course of hyperemesis gravi darum [13,14], Even normal pregnancy is considered to be cholestatic [15,17], Most of the studies on liver function dur ing pregnancy have been performed by single determinations, thus using different patients to establish each set of values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Bile Acids, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Routine Liver Function Tests in Emetic and Nonemetic Pregnancies

Järnfelt-Samsioe¹,

Eriksson²,

Waldenström³

et al. 1986

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The etiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is still unknown. One possibility is that ovarian and placental hormones may play some part. The liver is the major site of metabolic inactivation of steroid hormones. In this study, 102 healthy pregnant women, of whom 62 complained of nausea, were followed throughout pregnancy. Liver function tests were performed to ascertain whether emesis gravidarum is related to impaired hepatic function. In this series, all values were within the normal ranges. Serum levels of total bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl-transferase were significantly decreased and those of total serum bile acids significantly increased in emetic women compared to nonemetic subjects. Furthermore, the metabolic load on the liver seems to follow a biphasic course as there is an apparent minimum in liver function variables in the second trimester. It is concluded that a slow adaptation to the increased hormonal load on the liver might be responsible for the condition of emesis gravidarum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Bile Acids, Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Routine Liver Function Tests in Emetic and Nonemetic Pregnancies

Järnfelt-Samsioe¹,

Eriksson²,

Waldenström³

et al. 1986

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Liver tissue taken during normal pregnancy shows only minor non-specific light microscopic changes such as increased glycogen (Ingersley and Teilum, 1945). Electron microscopy in the last trimester shows some changes in endoplasmic reticulum, but these have also been observed in patients taking oral contraceptives (Perez et al, 1971). Many of these changes mentioned above can be reproduced by oestrogen therapy (Mueller and Kappas, 1964).…”

Section: Normal Liver Function In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 82%

Liver and gastrointestinal function in pregnancy

Seymour

Chadwick

1979

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Summary Difficulties arise in the interpretation of liver tests in the pregnant subject, since some values increase (alkaline phosphatase) whilst others remain unchanged (transaminases) or fall during pregnancy. The diagnosis and management of some causes of jaundice in pregnancy, such as viral hepatitis, gall stones, benign intrahepatic cholestasis and acute fatty liver of pregnancy are discussed. Little is known about the commonest symptoms of pregnancy (nausea, vomiting and constipation) other than that they might be due to hormonally induced alteration of sphincter tone. However, pre-existing bowel disease has a greater effect on pregnancy. Fertility is reduced in poor nutritional states (e.g. coeliac and Crohn's diseases) and an increased occurrence of spontaneous abortion has been noted. For inflammatory bowel diseases, the time of onset is important in determining the outcome of pregnancy. Relapse in the disease is commonest in the first trimester and in the puerperium. Treatment of these conditions is essentially as in the non-pregnant subject. The controversial subject of sulphasalazine and steroid usage in pregnancy is discussed.

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“…The cytochrome P-4502D6 isoenzyme is induced during pregnancy, 31 and anatomic studies have demonstrated proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte during the last trimester of pregnancy. 32 If a woman has been treated with tricyclic antidepressants during pregnancy, she should receive the dosage she took when not pregnant in the immediate postpartum period. If the dosage is unknown, her final dosage in pregnancy should be reduced by about one third.…”

Section: Neonatal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%