Uma crítica da concepção de política social do Banco Mundial na cena contemporânea

Abstract

O presente artigo reúne os principais elementos que compõem a concepção de política social do Banco Mundial a partir de recentes relatórios publicados sobre o tema pobreza e sociedade na página oficial deste organismo. A ideia central é de que se trata de uma descrição crítica da concepção de política social do Banco, problematizando cada um de seus argumentos mais explícitos com o intuito de desvelar uma intencionalidade organicamente vinculada à classe burguesa. Perspectiva esta que está pautada nos interesses dos segmentos da burguesia articulados em torno de um projeto societário direcionado para a reestruturação capitalista em uma conjuntura de crise estrutural. A concepção de política social do Banco Mundial segue, portanto, uma dimensão profundamente ideológica e política. A utilização, pelo Banco, de instrumentos, como os documentos analisados, para afirmar a hegemonia burguesa na cena contemporânea, atestam que o embate político e ideológico continua presente, explicitando a atualidade da luta de classes.

Analysis of the distribution of World Bank disbursements in Latin America between 1985 and 2010

“…While many authors focus on the efficiency of WB's projects in specific countries and regions (Hansen;Tarp, 2000;Nath, 2005;Santiso, 2001;Ismi, 2004;Bourguingnon;Sundberg, 2005), in a literature one might name as aid effectiveness literature; others look into the WB through the lenses of what one may call governance literature, trying and understand the Bank's institutional arrangements and issues (Vikas, 2001;Griffith-Jones, 2002;Buira, 2005;Bhalla, 2006;Foch, 2007;Kaluza;Kaluza, 2008). Moreover, others center their analytical efforts on what one may name conceptions literature, one that revolves around the Bank's discourse and its alleged purposes and stated objectives, made more or less clear in its official documents and World Development Reports (Hibou, 2000;Teixeira, 2009;Pereira, 2010;Vianna Jr., 2008;Rached, 2010).…”

“…Likewise, while analysing the World Development Reports, Teixeira (2009) asserts that market is prioritized over society, markedly in recommendations for Brazilian policy-makers to undertake greater market liberalization and seek rapid growth instead of looking for income distribution policies. The author stresses that the Bank's discourse, indicator of its own conceptions of poverty alleviation, growth and development, reduces social protection to a simple focus on those who are in extreme need, in lieu of truly transforming social and economic conditions in favour of profound social changes.…”

“…While Hibou (2000) and Teixeira (2009) question the conceptions that inform the Bank's actions, Fuller (2002, p.3) serves as an interesting contribution, and a typical example of what we decide to call conceptions literature. In her work, the author points out "well based analytical perspectives on foreign aid", which may be transposed into WB's projects analysis, as previously proposed.…”