Un problème national, interallié ou international ? La difficile gestion transnationale des mutilés de guerre (1917-1923)

Brégain, Gildas

doi:10.3917/rhps.009.0110

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Research notes based on the content analysis of these three laws are available on the project website. 4 The analysis of these debates of the second half of the 20th century was complemented by secondary sources regarding previous quota laws targeted at war veterans that were adopted during and in the aftermath of World War I (notably Bette, 2006;Brégain, 2016;Omnès, 2015;Romien, 2005). These laws (1916, 1923 and 1924) are also listed on the project's website.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several European countries, employment quotas were put in place in the aftermath of World War I, notably under the influence of veterans’ organizations, and in the context of important transnational activism on this issue: for example, the 1920 inter-allies conference recommended an obligation of employment of injured veterans for both public and private employers (Brégain, 2016: 128). They were then conceived as one aspect of a broader social policy towards injured war veterans, which initially relied mainly on the allocation of war pensions.…”

Section: The Rehabilitation Of World War I Veterans At the Origin Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quotas may take on different, more or less constraining forms: while some countries only formulate recommendations, others enact legal obligations, with or without sanctions, notably by means of levies (Greve, 2009: 14). Disability quotas are a very old policy tool: the first quotas, targeting war veterans, were put in place in the aftermath of World War I, and a second generation of quota schemes followed in the second half of the 20th century (Brégain, 2016; Sargeant et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The disability employment quota, between social policy and antidiscrimination

Revillard

2022

Global Social Policy

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Many countries worldwide resort to quotas in order to favour the employment of disabled people. Yet, the quota as a policy tool has an ambivalent meaning: while it has been conceived as an advanced form of antidiscrimination policy tool in domains such as gender and racial inequalities, in the sector of disability, it has tended to be theorized as an outdated measure, belonging to a social welfare perspective opposed to the more recent equalitarian policy frame. This article revisits this theoretical debate on the disability employment quota by shifting the focus from a normative discussion to an empirical investigation of the meanings policymakers have endowed it with. I draw on the case of France, where the quota scheme is a cornerstone of disability employment policy: post–World War I provisions were at the origin of a series of reforms extending and reinforcing the quota, in 1957, 1987 and 2005 – leading to the current 6% disabled worker quota imposed to private and public organizations of 20 employees or more. Tracing the historical trajectory of this policy tool and its uses by means of parliamentary debates and secondary sources, I show how quotas in France have had more complex meanings than what the social welfare versus antidiscrimination dichotomy suggests. Before the rise of antidiscrimination policy, they were thought of as a progressive form of social policy, as opposed to more segregative interventions such as pensions or sheltered employment. The adoption of antidiscrimination provisions in 2005 then led to a hybridization between quotas and antidiscrimination policy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Rehabilitation Of World War I Veterans At the Origin Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%