“…Several metaheuristic algorithms have been utilized throughout the years to determine the optimal composite structure design. Among them, genetic algorithm (GA) (Dey et al, 2016) (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2015a) (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2015b) (Mukhopadhyay et al, 2015c), particle swarm optimization (PSO) (Kalita, et al, 2019) (Kalita, et al, 2020), cuckoo search (CS) (Kalita et al, 2020) (Kalita et al, 2021), LOA (Narita and Robinson, 2006) (An et al, 2019), artificial bee colony (ABC) (Apalak, et al, 2014), differential evolution (Vo-Duy, et al, 2017), ant colony optimization (ACO) (Abachizadeh and Tahani, 2009) (Koide and Luersen, 2012), Layearwise optimization (LO) (Jing, 2022), sequential permutation search (SPS) (Jing, 2022), subinterval dimension-wise method (Wang et al, 2023), etc. are commonly used in structural optimization.…”