Unconscious perception: The need for a paradigm shift

Holender, Daniel; Duscherer, Katia

doi:10.3758/bf03194980

Cited by 82 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…In fact, some psychophysicists still believe that many reported subliminal priming effects can be explained away as artifacts (Holender and Duscherer, 2004). The major problem is in establishing that the primes are in fact invisible rather than faintly visible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex

Lau¹,

Passingham²

2007

J. Neurosci.

317

259

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Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether unconscious information can influence the cognitive control system in the human prefrontal cortex. Volunteers had to prepare to perform either a phonological judgment or a semantic judgment on an upcoming word, based on the instruction given at the beginning of each trial. However, in some trials they were visually primed to prepare for the alternative (i.e., "wrong") task, and this impaired their performance. This priming effect is taken to depend on unconscious processes because the effect was present even when the volunteers could only discriminate the identity of the primes at chance level. Furthermore, the effect was stronger when the visibility of the prime was near zero than when the visibility of the prime was significantly higher. When volunteers were unconsciously primed to perform the alternative task, there was also decreased neural activity in the brain areas relevant to the instructed task and increased neural activity in the brain areas relevant to the alternative task, which shows that the volunteers were actually engaged in the wrong task, instead of simply being distracted. Activity in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was also found to be associated with this unconscious priming effect. These results suggest that the cognitive control system in the prefrontal cortex is not exclusively driven by conscious information, as has been believed previously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex

Lau¹,

Passingham²

2007

J. Neurosci.

317

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although at first controversial (for a review, see Kouider & Dehaene, 2007), it is now widely acknowledged that such relatively low-level (e.g., perceptual and motor) processes are affected by unconscious stimuli (but see Hannula, Simons, & Cohen, 2005;Holender & Duscherer, 2004). However, the extent to which higher level cognitive functions (e.g., task preparation, cognitive control) are also influenced by unconscious information remains debated (Hommel, 2007;Mayr, 2004;Eimer & Schlaghecken, 2003;Libet, 1999;Umilta, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable Brain Mechanisms Underlying the Conscious and Unconscious Control of Behavior

Gaal¹,

Lamme²,

Fahrenfort³

et al. 2011

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

108

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General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Thus, the N2 likely reflects the initiation of inhibitory control, irrespective of conscious awareness. The P3 component was much reduced in amplitude and duration on masked versus unmasked stop trials. These patterns of differences and similarities between conscious and unconscious cognitive control processes are discussed in a framework that differentiates between feedforward and feedback connections in yielding conscious experience.

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“…Holender (1986) reached the same conclusion with essentially the same arguments. In a recent article, that author has defended the theory that at least semantic processing is exclusively conscious (Holender & Duscherer, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%