Under the Surface

Abstract

The present study yields an in-depth examination of the interpersonal and affective world of high-security and detention prisoners with possible (Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version [PCL:SV] ≥ 13) and strong (PCL:SV ≥ 18) indications of psychopathy. A group of male inmates (n = 16) was compared with noncriminal and non-personality disordered controls (n = 35) on measures of self and other (Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form [YSQ-SF], Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex Scales [IIP-C]), and the experience and regulation of affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule [PANAS], Emotion Control Questionnaire 2 [ECQ2]). Results confirm the established grandiose, dominant, and callous characteristics of the psychopath (PCL:SV, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders [SCID-II], DSM-IV and ICD-10 Personality Questionnaire [DIP-Q], IIP-C), while demonstrating personal distress and important nuances and variations in psychopathic offenders' interpersonal and affective functioning (YSQ-SF, PANAS, ECQ2, SCID-II, DIP-Q). These preliminary findings support, expand, and challenge the ordinary portrayal of the psychopath and, if replicated in larger samples, point to a need for an expansion or reformulation of the concept, measurement, and treatment of psychopathy.

Early maladaptive schemas in individuals with and without B cluster personality disorders

“…Also, these findings are in line with predictions of the SFCT with regards to personality disorders (Karp & Dugas, 2003;Seavey & Moore, 2012;Young, 1990;Young & Klosko, 2005;Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, volume 5(4),  Table 3 Tests of between-subjects effect of group status and gender interaction in maladaptive schemas Dependents 2003). While previous literature supported the role of EMSs in interpersonal problems and personality disorders, particularly borderline and antisocial personality disorders (Arntz, 2010;Arntz, Klokman, & Sieswerda, 2005;Arntz & van Genderen, 2009;Corral & Calvete, 2014;Gullhaugen & Nøttestad, 2012;Thimm, 2013;Özdel et al, 2015), the present findings show the importance of EMSs in emergence of the full range of cluster B personality disorders. Therefore, EMSs could be considered as important susceptibility factors for the development of some personality disorders, particularly the cluster B personality disorders.…”

“…Thimm (2013) observee strong relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and maladaptive interpersonal problems using a circumplex analysis approach. Also, the concept of EMSs has great clinical importance in understanding the interaction of key factors affecting the comprehension of childhood and subconscious processes on personality disorders such as borderline and antisocial personality disorders (Arntz, 2010;Arntz, Klokman, & Sieswerda, 2005;Arntz, & van Genderen, 2009;Gullhaugen & Nøttestad, 2012;Özdel et al, 2015). For example, Özdel and colleagues (2015) found that dependence/incompetence, defectiveness/shame, overcontrol/emotional inhibition, entitlement/grandiosity, failure to achieve, mistrust/ abuse, subjugation of needs, vulnerability to harm and illness, and social isolation, EMSs were statistically significantly higher in patients with antisocial personality disorder.…”

Increasing propensity to mind‐wander by transcranial direct current stimulation? A registered report

“…Given that the completion of the PANAS in itself might induce subtle mood changes, we decided not to use it before the main experiment in order to avoid interference with the replication attempt. The PANAS scale is available in the Dutch (Engelen, De Peuter, Victoir, Van Diest, & Van den Bergh, 2006), German (Janke & Glöckner-Rist, 2014) and Norwegian (Gullhaugen & Nøttestad, 2012) languages and the translated versions were used at each of the three locations.…”

The latent structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form

“…Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are stable cognitive structures that develop from childhood dysfunctional experiences and are related to the emergence and maintenance of personality and clinical disorders and maladjustment 2-5. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF)6 is a 75-item self-report psychometric tool designed to evaluate the manifestations of 15 EMS.…”