Undernutrition And Subsequent Realimentation In Rats And Sheep

Meyer, James H.; Clawson, W.J.

doi:10.2527/jas1964.231214x

Cited by 65 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…This is in agreement with the results of Jones and Farrell (1992), who also reported no difference in metabolic rate between full-fed and feedrestricted broilers after only a few days of refeeding. This is, however contrary to the suggestion given by a number workers that the energy and nutrients, which support growth compensation come from reduction of maintenance requirements during refeeding after a period of undernutrition (Wilson and Osbourn, 1960;Meyer and Clawson, 1964;Ashworth, 1969;Alden, 1970;Graham and Searle, 1975).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Effect of Early Feed Restriction and Realimentation on Heat Production and Changes in Sizes of Digestive Organs of Male Broilers

Zubair

Leeson

1994

Poultry Science

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Two experiments were conducted with broilers to determine the effect of early feed restriction and realimentation on metabolic heat production and changes in sizes of digestive organs. An indirect open circuit calorimeter was used. Treatments were a full-fed control (FF) and a feed-restricted group (FR). Feed during the restriction period (6 to 12 d) for the FR birds was limited to 50% of voluntary feed intake of the FF birds. This was followed by realimentation period when all birds were provided feed for ad libitum consumption. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to measure basal metabolic rate (BMR), and Experiment 2 was designed to measure 36-h fasting metabolic rate (FMR), in both cases during time of restriction and realimentation. At the end of the 36-h unfed period, birds were killed and their digestive organs excised, blotted, and weighed. The FR birds showed significantly (P < .01) lower BMR compared with the FF birds during the restriction period. This lower BMR did not carry over into the refeeding period, when there was no difference between the two treatments. Thirty-six-hour FMR, like the BMR was also lower for FR compared with FF birds, but only during the period of restriction. Weights of digestive organs (expressed as a percentage of BW) during restriction were generally heavier for FR compared with FF birds. Measurements of organ weights taken during realimentation show significantly (P < .05) heavier liver and pancreas for FR compared with FF birds. Results of these experiments suggest that lower MR of "restricted-refed" birds does not play a role in the ability of the birds to show improved feed efficiency and growth compensation. Greater feed intake relative to BW and its associated digestive adaptations seem to be contributing factors to any growth compensation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Effect of Early Feed Restriction and Realimentation on Heat Production and Changes in Sizes of Digestive Organs of Male Broilers

Zubair

Leeson

1994

Poultry Science

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“…The overall k pl of the control and realimentated lambs was similar (Table 9) which confirms the findings of Drew & Reid (1975) and Graham & Searle (1975 but not those of Meyer & Clawson (1964). But at the start of realimentation a small improvement in k pt was noted in botli the lamb trial (Tablo 7) and in the study of 0rskov et al (1976) (Table 10) effect.…”

Section: Level Of Feeding and Maintenance Requirementsupporting

confidence: 78%

Growth performance and metabolic changes in lambs and steers after mild nutritional restriction

1982

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SUMMARYTwo trials investigating compensatory growth are reported in which lambs and young cattle were placed on either a continuous (C) or a discontinuous (RR) growth path. RR animals were subjected to a phase of restricted feeding and then realimented at an equivalent level of feeding to C animals over the same live-weight range. Eight 4-month-old lambs and 30 9-month-old Swiss Brown steers were used. The restriction (I) and realimentation (II) phase covered the live-weight ranges 23-32 kg and 32-44 kg respectively in tho lamb trial and 236-310 kg and 310-460 kg respectively in the steer trial.Fifty-six total energy balances were made with lambs using open-circuit respiration calorimetry. Fifty determinations of diet digestibility and N balance were made with steers. Lambs received a pelleted concentrate diet and, except for restrictively fed steers which received hay alone, steers were offered a diet based on maize silage.The restriction phase of RR lambs and RR steers was longer, and the daily ME intake and daily live-weight gains were significantly lower than those of the C animals.Compared with C lambs a marked reduction in methane production of RR lambs occurred during feed restriction which persisted throughout realimentation.During recovery realimented lambs gained non-significantly, but realimented steers significantly, more than C animals from a similar ME intake and required less ME/kg daily live-weight gain. Realimented lambs retained more protein at the start of recovery compared with C lambs but both C and realimented steeis retained similar amounts of nitrogen. Indirect evidence is presented that suggests improved utilization of ME for protein deposition, at least at the start of realimentation.Although the animals on the discontinuous growth path (RR) took longer to reach slaughter weight, their total intake of gross energy and overall energy conversion ratio (MJ ME/kg live-weight gain) was similar to those of animals on the continuous growth path (C). _ maintenance requirement; second, a fall in the 1JN1KODU ON energy value of the body-weight gains and third, The ability of animals to express compensatory an increased efficiency of feed utilization. The close growth following a period of nutritional limitation interdependency between these three factors, is well documented (Wilson & Osbourn, 1960; together with level of feeding differences, and their AUden, 1970). Little doubt remains that increased individual effects on efficiency (Bickel, 1977), often appetite, and the associated gut-fill effect, is an makes it difficult to interpret the results of studies important factor responsible for compensatory on compensatory growth. For example, the growth. However, disagreement remains concerning frequently but not universally observed higher the causal involvement of the following three feed intake of compensating animals (Allden, 1970) factors in the complex of changes resulting in prevents the separation of the effects on growth compensatory growth. First, a reduction of rate of the higher feed...

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“…Levels of fat and protein in meat were calculated according to previous methods [20,21]. Water holding capacity (WHC) was measured using drip loss method.…”

Section: Carcass Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Characteristics of Swine

Zhang¹,

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental chromium (Cr) in the form of chromium picolinate (CrPic) on swine growth performance, meat quality, and protein deposition in skeletal muscle. Forty-eight piglets were divided into three groups randomly, fed with three different dietary levels of Cr (common basal feedstuff supplemented with a dose of 1.61 μg/g or 3.22 μg/g CrPic, which corresponded to 0.2 and 0.4 μg/g Cr). Results indicated that during the growing period (1-35 days), pigs fed with the diet supplemented with CrPic showed no improvement in body mass, average daily gain (ADG), feed consumption, or feed conversion rate (FCR) (P > 0.05). During the finishing period, a supplementary dose of 0.2 μg Cr/g improved daily weight gain significantly (P < 0.05), while the situation had no significance with 0.4 μg Cr/g (P > 0.05) supplemented. For the entire growing-finishing period, body mass increased by 3.86%, ADG rose by 6.08%, and the FCR decreased by 3.30%; levels of total muscular pigment and that in the ribeye areas significantly improved (P < 0.05) when supplementation with 0.2 μg Cr/g (P < 0.05) was employed. However, there were no significant changes when supplemented with 0.4 μg Cr/g. While there were no changes in yield of carcass, back fat, water holding capacity, or levels of muscular crude protein and fat (P > 0.05) in treatment, the ratio of fat-lean and RNA/DNA increased significantly supplemented with 0.2 μg Cr/g (P < 0.05), but there were no significance with 0.4 μg Cr/g supplementation. In addition, the muscular levels of cholesterol had slightly decreased and the content of DNA in skeletal muscle showed no marked changes with 0.2 or 0.4 μg/g Cr supplementation. In conclusion, the present results suggested that dietary Cr supplementation in the dose of 0.2 μg/g could promote the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and protein deposition.

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Undernutrition And Subsequent Realimentation In Rats And Sheep

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Early Feed Restriction and Realimentation on Heat Production and Changes in Sizes of Digestive Organs of Male Broilers

Effect of Early Feed Restriction and Realimentation on Heat Production and Changes in Sizes of Digestive Organs of Male Broilers

Growth performance and metabolic changes in lambs and steers after mild nutritional restriction

Effect of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Characteristics of Swine

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