“…The freedom to make patient care decisions and work independently is crucial as it reportedly allows full utilization of nurses’ knowledge and abilities (Budge et al., 2003; Duffield et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2006). Important elements of independence in work include the abilities to make independent decisions in the best interests of patients (Georgiou et al., 2017; Karanikola et al., 2014; Maharmeh, 2017; Stewart et al, 2004; Varjus et al., 2003), solve problems without orders, take nursing actions (Abdolmaleki et al., 2019; Berti et al., 2008; Georgiou et al., 2017; Karanikola et al., 2014; Stewart et al, 2004; Varjus et al., 2003) and organise unit operations (Varjus et al., 2003). Corresponding responsibility for one's own decisions and accountability for their consequences are also important (Attree, 2005; Cajulis & Fitzpatrick, 2007; Farrell et al., 2017; Garon et al., 2009; Georgiou et al., 2017; Karanikola et al., 2014; Skår, 2010; Stewart et al., 2004; Varjus et al., 2003; Wang et al., 2011).…”