Understanding Gender Differences in Pricing Strategies in Online Labor Marketplaces

Foong, Eureka; Gerber, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1145/3411764.3445636

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…We used UpWork because it is a prominent crowdsourcing marketplace and a frequent subject of research, e.g. (Foong et al, 2018;Foong and Gerber, 2021).…”

Section: Statistics About Hourly Rates For Comparable Commercial Cont...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Monetary Value of Online Volunteer Work

Li¹,

Hecht²,

Chancellor

2022

ICWSM

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Online volunteers are a crucial labor force that keeps many for-profit systems afloat (e.g. social media platforms and online review sites). Despite their substantial role in upholding highly valuable technological systems, online volunteers have no way of knowing the value of their work. This paper uses content moderation as a case study and measures its monetary value to make apparent volunteer labor’s value. Using a novel dataset of private logs generated by moderators, we use linear mixed-effect regression and estimate that Reddit moderators worked a minimum of 466 hours per day in 2020. These hours are worth 3.4 million USD based on the median hourly wage for comparable content moderation services in the U.S. We discuss how this information may inform pathways to alleviate the one-sided relationship between technology companies and online volunteers.

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“…We used UpWork because it is a prominent crowdsourcing marketplace and a frequent subject of research, e.g. (Foong et al, 2018;Foong and Gerber, 2021).…”

Section: Statistics About Hourly Rates For Comparable Commercial Cont...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Monetary Value of Online Volunteer Work

Li¹,

Hecht²,

Chancellor

2022

ICWSM

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“…Previous research has called for platform interventions to mitigate this oversupply of workers and ensure reliable job availability [29]. Foong & Gerber [32] hint to such potential interventions by platforms defining set rates to minimise wage disparities. We speculated a defined progression system could create less competition.…”

Section: Table 1 Overview Of Freelance Grow's Speculative Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gig work typically lacks organisational structures to support information-seeking and entrepreneurial development needs of workers [11,12,81]. Previous research has called for platforms to intervene in aspects of entrepreneurial development, such as "nudging workers with below-average rates to raise their rates through value-based pricing (ibid)" [32] and introducing training opportunities for freelancers to adapt to changes in market and client demands [11]. We drew inspiration from AI-driven tools, such as Microsoft Viva [59,82], used in corporate settings to support knowledge workers access insights from their work and harness organisational knowledge.…”

Section: Table 1 Overview Of Freelance Grow's Speculative Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feature (7) AI Buddy: Entrepreneurial Insights was viewed as prescriptive and potentially failing to fully meet participants' entrepreneurial needs. Participants were concerned that AI could accurately consider the various, often dynamic, elements that go into their entrepreneurial self-development, such as time invested in freelancing (e.g., part-time vs fulltime [32]), types of work they do, and workload. Future technology development should carefully consider the complexities and overhead [6,11] that go into self-development to make adequate suggestions.…”

Section: Supporting the Development Of Entrepreneurial Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future technology development should carefully consider the complexities and overhead [6,11] that go into self-development to make adequate suggestions. Extending previous research on impression management and pricing strategies [32,35,61], participants called for complementary approaches to support these strategies, such as discussing them with platform staff or peer mentors. We suggest that supporting entrepreneurial training should come from multiple angles and not merely from platforms making automated recommendations.…”

Section: Supporting the Development Of Entrepreneurial Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Opportunities for Freelancing Platforms: Online Freelancers’ Views on a Worker-Centred Design Fiction

Vega

Cecchinato

Rooksby

2022

2022 Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work

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Freelancing platforms, such as Upwork and Fiverr, have become a viable source of work for millions of freelancers worldwide. However, these gig economy systems are not typically designed in ways that centre workers' preferences and wellbeing. In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of 'Freelance Grow,' a design fiction portraying a freelancing platform that prioritises freelancers' professional development and peer support. The design fiction was informed by a systematic literature assessment, using recommendations from twenty-six sources for improving online freelancers' experiences. We then used the design fiction in focus groups with 23 online freelancers to investigate their views on the ideas suggested in our design fiction. Based upon a thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts, we present three opportunities and considerations for designing systems that further enable freelancers' work autonomy, entrepreneurial development, and peer support. Ultimately, we contribute an expanded understanding of design approaches to support online freelancers in the gig economy.CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in HCI; Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing.

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