Understanding Physical Developer (PD): Part II – Is PD targeting eccrine constituents?

Hunty, Mackenzie de la; Moret, Sébastien; Chadwick, Scott; Lennard, Chris; Spindler, Xanthe; Roux, Claude

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.08.029

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…43 De la Hunty et al suggested that PD may target a defined mixture of eccrine and lipid constituents, where both must be present in the deposit for silver deposition to occur. 53,54 They also emphasised the necessity to understand the state in which these targets are present, that is, as a mixture of various compounds or as an emulsion. Although our results are based on non-porous surfaces, they offer insights into this query as our study demonstrates evidence of fingermark droplets existing as an emulsion-like state, reflecting the amount of lipid and eccrine secretions in the droplet.…”

Section: Significance and Impact Of The Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the spatial distribution of chemical species within latent fingermarks using vibrational spectroscopy

Dorakumbura

Boseley

Becker

et al. 2018

Analyst

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Latent fingermarks are an important form of crime-scene trace evidence and their usefulness may be increased by a greater understanding of the effect of chemical distribution within fingermarks on the sensitivity and robustness of fingermark detection methods. Specifically, the relative abundance and micro-distribution of sebaceous (lipophilic) and eccrine (hydrophilic) material in fingermarks have long been debated in the field, yet direct visualisation of relative abundance and micro-distribution was rarely achieved. Such a visualisation is nonetheless essential to provide explanations for the variation in reproducibility or robustness of latent fingermark detection with existing methods, and to identify new strategies to increase detection capabilities. In this investigation, we have used SR-ATR-FTIR and confocal Raman microscopy to probe the spatial micro-distribution of the sebaceous and eccrine chemical components within latent fingermarks, deposited on non-porous surfaces. It was determined that fingermarks exhibit a complex spatial distribution, influenced by the ratio of lipophilic to aqueous components, and to a first approximation resemble a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion. Detection of a substantial lipid component in "eccrine enriched fingermarks" (wherein hands are washed to remove lipids) is noteworthy, as it provides a potential explanation for several scenarios of unexpected fingermark detection using methods previously thought unsuitable for "eccrine deposits". Furthermore, the pronounced distribution of lipids observed in natural fingermark deposits was intriguing and agrees with recent discussion in this research field that natural fingermarks contain a much higher lipid content than previously thought.

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Section: Significance and Impact Of The Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the spatial distribution of chemical species within latent fingermarks using vibrational spectroscopy

Dorakumbura

Boseley

Becker

et al. 2018

Analyst

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“…Fingerprints and its evidential values Saferstein (2013) stated that the admissibility of fingerprints in the court of law has always been rested on the premise of its (a) individual characteristic, (b) persistency throughout an individual's lifetime, and (c) systematic classifications of general ridge patterns. The first principle stated that every individual, including identical twins, has its own distinctive fingerprints (Wertheim 2011;Champod 2013;Hutchins 2013;Fish et al 2014;Daluz 2015). Such uniqueness relies profoundly on the identity, number, and relative location of the minutiae (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For forensic applications, fingerprints fall into three different natures viz. latent, patent, and plastic (Saferstein 2013;Daluz 2015;Houck and Siegel 2015;Kobus et al 2016). Being frequently encountered at crime scenes (Croxton et al 2010;D'Elia et al 2015;Lee and Joullié 2015;Kobus et al 2016), latent fingerprint continues to pose challenges to forensic scientists due to its problematic hidden nature, and hence necessitating the use of optical, physical, and/or chemical visualization methods for comparison and identification purposes (Saferstein 2013;Daluz 2015;Houck and Siegel 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…latent, patent, and plastic (Saferstein 2013;Daluz 2015;Houck and Siegel 2015;Kobus et al 2016). Being frequently encountered at crime scenes (Croxton et al 2010;D'Elia et al 2015;Lee and Joullié 2015;Kobus et al 2016), latent fingerprint continues to pose challenges to forensic scientists due to its problematic hidden nature, and hence necessitating the use of optical, physical, and/or chemical visualization methods for comparison and identification purposes (Saferstein 2013;Daluz 2015;Houck and Siegel 2015). Patent fingerprints are readily visible prints upon contact with transferable colored media (e.g., blood and paint), whereas plastic fingerprints refer to the impressions made on soft, malleable objects (e.g., putty and wax) (Yamashita et al 2011;Saferstein 2013;Daluz 2015;Houck and Siegel 2015), making them relatively easier for forensic analysis, as opposed to that of the latent ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevant visualization technologies for latent fingerprints on wet objects and its challenges: a review

Azman

Mahat

Wahab

et al. 2019

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Fingerprint has been one of the powerful evidence in forensic investigation as it is useful for human identification, associating an individual to an item and/or location of interest, as well as reconstructing the crime scenes. Considering that latent fingerprints are commonly found at crime scenes and that it requires the use of fingerprint visualization methods due to its hidden nature, continuous research in developing suitable methods has been reported. However, the underlying physical and/or chemical interactions for certain visualization methods that have successfully visualized wet fingerprints remains unreported. This is probably because previous studies were primarily focused on establishing the fingerprint contrast rather than the comprehension of the physical and chemical aspects behind it. A good understanding on such aspects may prove useful in guiding future improvements, or modifications of existing fingerprint visualization methods. Hence, this review paper focuses on wet latent fingerprints, difficulties in the available wet fingerprint visualization methods, as well as its overview of the challenges and future insights.

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“…The surfactant concentration in the PD working solution has a direct effect on the speed and quality of development for treated fingermarks. In our research, it has been found that a 50% reduction in surfactant concentration (when using Tween 20 as a replacement for Synperonic N) in the detergent-surfactant solution leads to a decrease in development times without sacrificing development quality, as well as extending the shelf life of the working solution (compared to the Synperonic N formulation) to well over three months [4,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective Physical Developer (PD) method for use in Australian laboratories

Hunty

Moret

Chadwick

et al. 2018

Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Physical developer (PD) is an underutilised technique for the development of latent marks on porous surfaces that have been wet, or as a subsequent technique in a development sequence. It is a multistep technique that works by selectively reducing silver ions to silver metal at nucleating sites in fingermark residue. Its use is associated with a plethora of issues, largely surrounding the inherent instability of the working solution. Recently, one of the components of the working solution, Synperonic N, has ceased in production, and the recommended replacement is Tween 20. This paper addresses factors during PD processing using Tween 20, other than reagent formulation that should be considered when using the technique.

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Understanding Physical Developer (PD): Part II – Is PD targeting eccrine constituents?

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Revealing the spatial distribution of chemical species within latent fingermarks using vibrational spectroscopy

Revealing the spatial distribution of chemical species within latent fingermarks using vibrational spectroscopy

Relevant visualization technologies for latent fingerprints on wet objects and its challenges: a review

An effective Physical Developer (PD) method for use in Australian laboratories

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